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Jazz
Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime.
Blue note
a minor interval where a major would be expected, used especially in jazz.
Socialist Realism
Artistic style whose goal was to promote socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light
Popular Front
was the French political alliance that allied the Communists, the Socialists, and the Radicals together.
Nonretrogradable rhythm
Oliver Messiaen's term for a palindromic rhythmic unit—that is, one that is the same forward and backward and whose retrograde form is therefore identical to its original form.
Mode of Limited Transposition
Composer Olivier Messiaen's term for pc collections that can be transposed by only a few intervals; other transpositions replicate the original collection. The wholetone and octatonic collections are examples.
Cold War
A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.
Total/Integral Serialism
Mathematical approach to music in which every parameter of music is thoroughly controlled (rhythm, dynamics, timbre, and register)
-antidote to romantic music
Prepared piano
a piano outfitted with screws, bolts, washers, erasers, and bits of felt and plastic to transform the instrument from a melodic one to a percussive one
Aleatoric Music
music in which some element of the composition is left to chance, and/or some primary element of a composed work's realization is left to the determination of its performer(s).
Indeterminacy/Chance Music
A generic term applied to any situation where the performer is given freedom from a composer's notational prescription (when some aspect of the piece is left to chance or the choices of the performer).
Electronic music
sounds produced and manipulated by magnetic tape machines, synthesizers, and/or computers
Musique concrète
music in which the composer works directly with sounds recorded on magnetic tape, not with musical notation and performers
Minimalism
Contemporary musical style featuring the repetition of short melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic patterns with little variation.
Phase Music
When a recorded musical idea on a loop is played on top of itself, then changing the tape speeds of the copied loops
Postmodernism
Post-World War II intellectual movement and cultural attitude focusing on cultural pluralism and release from the confines and ideology of Western high culture.
Polystylism
Term coined by Alfred Schnittke for a combination of newer and older musical styles created through QUOTATION or stylistic allusion.
Pastiche
piece of literature or music imitating other works
Tintinnabulation
the ringing of bells
Wozzeck is best described as:
a ballet by Satie
an opera by Schoenberg
an opera by Berg
a zeitoper by Hindemith
an opera by Berg
Which of the following describes the basic plot of Wozzeck?
A married couple decides to divorce, then come to crave the press attention that their altercations attract.
A marriage party takes a picture at the base of the Eiffel tower.
A dim-witted soldier's psychological degeneration in response to the unfaithfulness of his common-law wife.
In poverty-stricken London, a gang leader and his scoundrel father-in-law engage in a fight over Polly Peachum.
A dim-witted soldier's psychological degeneration in response to the unfaithfulness of his common-law wife.
Which of the following is not a feature of Wozzeck?
brilliantly colored orchestration
use of ambient "common" genres like folk song, march, waltzes
12-tone row manipulation
intricate motivic work and leitmotiv transformations
12-tone row manipulation
In Nazi Germany, music that was considered damaging to the state was labeled:
enemy music
impure music
degenerate music
disgusting music
degenerate music
Which of the following is not true about Carl Orff's Carmina Burana?
it is based on a series of poems written by Medieval German clerics
it is scored for vocal soloists, choruses, and orchestra
it adopts a streamlined populist adaptation of Stravinsky's neoprimitivism
it was commissioned personally by Hitler to be played at Nazi rallies
it was commissioned personally by Hitler to be played at Nazi rallies
The official arts doctrine of the Soviet Union was known as:
Soviet Nationalism
Socialist Nationalism
Soviet Realism
Socialist Realism
Socialist Realism
Which of the following is a characteristic of the official doctrine of Soviet arts?
loyalty to the Soviet political party
loyalty to the Soviet nation
edification of the Soviet people
all of the above
all of the above
Which of Shostakovich's works was dubbed "muddle instead of music" in an official Soviet article?
First Symphony
Fifth Symphony
Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District
The Nose
Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District
Which of Shostakovich's works restored him to official favor in the late 1930s?
First Symphony
Fifth Symphony
Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District
The Nose
Fifth Symphony
Alexander Nevsky was originally a ______ composed by ______ , which he later turned into a ______ .
film score; Shostakovich; cantata
cantata; Prokofiev; film score
film score; Prokofiev; cantata
cantata; Shostakovich; film score
film score; Prokofiev; cantata
Who of the following American musical figures was/were associated with the political left in the 1930s?
John A. Lomax
Charles Seeger
Aaron Copland
All of the above
All of the above
During the Great Depression and World War II, Americanist music was largely:
twelve-tone
modal
tonal but dissonant
pan-consonant
tonal but dissonant
Which of the following is not a patriotic wartime work by Copland?
Lincoln Portrait
Billy the Kid
Fanfare for the Common Man
Appalachian Spring
Billy the Kid
Which of the following is not a trait of Copland's mid-century "American" music?
Use of American folk and cowboy songs
"Wide open" chord spacing and orchestration
Unexpected modulations and pungent harmonies, though still essentially tonal
Serial arrangements of pitch and rhythm
Serial arrangements of pitch and rhythm
Which of the following is not true about Samuel Barber's Adagio for Strings?
It originated as the second movement of his String Quartet, Op. 11 (1936)
It has been used in a number of films
He made a choral arrangement of it that sets the words of the Agnus Dei
The piece was seen by most people as an immediate failure and took decades to become popular
The piece was seen by most people as an immediate failure and took decades to become popular
___________ was a twentieth-century opera composer who achieved unprecedented prestige for British opera.
Roy Harris
Aaron Copland
Benjamin Britten
Olivier Messaien
Benjamin Britten
What happens at the end of Peter Grimes?
Peter reconciles with his community, finally being allowed to marry Ellen Orford.
Peter saves his young worker, redeeming himself.
Peter is pardoned but must live ostracized from his community.
Peter rows out to sea alone and sinks his own boat.
Peter rows out to sea alone and sinks his own boat.
Benjamin Britten believed that it was the duty of composers to:
write in a language that the public can understand
write the kind of music proscribed by the state
pursue musical progress regardless of intelligibility for the audience
All of the above
write in a language that the public can understand
The greatest extramusical influence on Messiaen was:
the Great Depression
World War I
World War II
Roman Catholicism
Roman Catholicism
In Messiaen's music, a rhythmic palindrome is called:
true rhythm
nonretrogradable rhythm
thoroughgoing rhythm
rhythmic mirror
nonretrogradable rhythm
During the Cold War, ___________ became a musical symbol of freedom and uncompromising artistry in the West.
Socialist Realism
Tonality
Neoclassicism
Serialism
Serialism
___________ declared in 1952 that "Schoenberg is dead."
Aaron Copland
Benjamin Britten
John Cage
Pierre Boulez
Pierre Boulez
The serialization of musical elements other than pitch, e.g., rhythm and dynamics, is called:
dodecaphony
complete serialism
combinatorial serialism
total serialism
total serialism
Boulez adopted the pitch succession in his Structures Ia from a work by:
Beethoven
Schoenberg
Webern
Messiaen
Messiaen
Which field directly influenced Milton Babbitt's compositional methods?
dance
chemistry
physics
mathematics
mathematics
Of the following, John Cage is associated with:
Indeterminacy
Prepared piano
Zen Buddhims
All of the above
All of the above
Music composed or performed to some degree according to chance operations or spontaneous decisions is called ___________ music.
aleatoric
serial improvisation
random
combinatorial improvisation
aleatoric
Which of the following is not a composition by Cage?
Bacchanale
4'33"
Composition for Four Instruments
Imaginary Lanscape No. 4
Composition for Four Instruments
Who of the following was not a "Polish Renaissance" composer?
Lev Sergeyevich Termen
Witold Lutoslawski
Krzysztof Penderecki
Henryk Górecki
Lev Sergeyevich Termen
Which of the following is not true of Varese's Poeme electronique?
It is a piece for tape alone
It was composed for the Brussel's World Fair in 1958
It was projected throughout Le Corbusier's pavilion via more than four hundred speakers
It is still possible today to experience it exactly as it was first projected in 1958
It is still possible today to experience it exactly as it was first projected in 1958
Which of the following ideas is NOT associated with Postmodernism.
eclecticism
multiculturalism
absolute truth
loss of faith in progress
absolute truth
Which of the following composers is not associated with postmodernism?
Luciano Berio
George Rochberg
Michael Daugherty
Milton Babbitt
Milton Babbitt
Luciano Berio's Sinfonia is an example of:
pastiche
collage
minimalism
integral serialism
collage
The composer who Rochberg seems to be evoking with "disconcerting sincerity" in the third movement of his Third String Quartet is:
Berio
Beethoven
Haydn
Wagner
Beethoven
The Postmodern tendency to combine different artistic styles from disparate times is called:
eclecticism
multiculturalism
skepticism
minimalism
eclecticism
The "father" of musical minimalism is:
Terry Riley
Steve Reich
La Monte Young
Philip Glass
La Monte Young
Which of the following describes In C?
minimalist
can be performed by any ensemble
was a major critical success at its premiere
all of the above
all of the above
___________ is a musical process in which two parts begin in unison but gradually become rhythmically out of sync with one another.
phasing
additive structure
progressive rhythm
chaos rhythm
phasing
Which of the following is NOT a composition by Steve Reich
Come Out
It's Gonna Rain
Two Pages for Steve Reich
Music for 18 Musicians
Two Pages for Steve Reich
Einstein on the Beach is:
a minimalist opera by Steve Reich
a minimalist chamber work by Philip Glass
a minimalist opera by Philip Glass
a minimalist chamber work by Steve Reich
a minimalist opera by Philip Glass
Arvo Pärt's music is most associated with:
total serialism
minimalism
tape composition
phase music
minimalism
What is the name of the harmonic system devised by Pärt to evoke the overtones produced by bells?
holy minimalism
bell overtone style
tintinnabulation
ringing
tintinnabulation
Which of the following is untrue about Arvo Pärt?
He was Estonian, Soviet-trained, but had great interest in religion and religious music
His discovery of Medieval and Renaissance music led him to limit the harmonic content of his music.
His music often deals with the relationship between a radical reduction of means and wholeness of spirit.
The most representative work from his spiritual style developed in the late 1970s is "Tabula rasa," a concerto grosso for large percussion ensemble and winds.
The most representative work from his spiritual style developed in the late 1970s is "Tabula rasa," a concerto grosso for large percussion ensemble and winds.
Who of the following is not one of a trio of important late-Soviet non-conforming composers?
Alfred Schnittke
Edison Denisov
Sofia Gubaidulina
György Ligeti
György Ligeti
Which of the following is not true about Gubaidulina's In croce?
It is composed for organ and cello
It quotes, among others, famous pieces by Beethoven and Shostakovich
It requires an amount of aleatoric playing by both instrumentalists
The two instruments "cross" each other's ranges and exchange roles over the course of the piece
It quotes, among others, famous pieces by Beethoven and Shostakovich
Violin Sonata, II, Blues
Ravel
Rhapsody in Blue
George Gershwin
Wozzeck, Act III, scene 3
Berg
Die Dreigroschenoper, Moritat vom Mackie Messer
Kurt Weill
Carmina Burana, No 1. O Fortuna
Carl Orff
Symphony No. 5, Op. 47, third movement
Shostakovich
Alexander Nevsky Cantata
Sergei Prokofiev
Billy the Kid
Copland
Adagio for Strings, Op. 11
Samuel Barber
Peter Grimes, Act III, Scene 2
Benjamin Britten
Quartet for the End of Time (1941), first movement, "Liturgie de cristal"
Olivier Messiaen
Structures Ia
Pierre Boulez
Composition for Four Instruments
Milton Babbitt
Bacchanale
John Cage
Poeme electronique
Varese
Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima
Penderecki
Sinfonia, ii. O King
Luciano Berio
String Quartet No. 3, third movement
George Rochberg
Music for 18 Musicians, opening
Reich
Nixon in China, "News, News"
John Adams
Tabula Rasa, second movement, "Silentium"
Arvo Pärt
