RAD 111- Non-MT Intro Exam 1
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111 Terms
what does HIPAA stand for?
health insurance portability and accountability act (1996)
what happens if you fail to comply with HIPAA?
up to $250,000 fine
up to 10 years in jail
what are the 4 key HIPAA questions you should ask yourself?
Is the info I'm about to access necessary to complete my job?
2. Am I accessing only the minimum to complete my job? No more/ no Less
3. Am I accessing/disclosing this info for payment/ treatment, etc.?
4. Should I have a pt. sign if I'm accessing/disclosing this info?
How do facilities protect patient privacy?
1. facility Privacy Officer
2. written policies & procedures
3. providing privacy training
4. complaint process for pts
5. discipline for violation
How do you dispose of private information
all confidential info is to be shredded
What does PHI stand for?
protected health information
what are some examples of PHI?
name
address
SSN
telephone number
MR #
acct. #
billing records
what does SI Unit refer to?
quantity
what does exposure refer to?
Coulombs/kilogram (C/kg)
roentgen (formerly)
what does absorbed dose refer to?
Gray (G)
what does effective dose refer to?
Sievert (Sv)
what does Radioactivity refer to?
Becquerel (Bq)
what are the x-ray properties?
1. similar to light
2. able to penetrate matter
3. can cause chemical & biological changes
4. can cause fluorescence
5. Can't: be refracted or reflected
6. Can't: be detected by humans
what are the Cardinal principles?
time
DISTANCE (most effective)
shielding
what is “time” referring to in the cardinal principles?
keeping exposure time as short as possible
what is “distance” referring to in the cardinal principles?
40’’ / 48’’ or 72’’ SID for pts
6 ft for techs and/or personnel preferably behind a lead wall
what is “shielding” referring to in the cardinal principles?
lead barrier such as a wall
apron, gloves, thyroid shield
why is 6 ft the preferred distance for techs and/or personnel?
scatter radiation drops off dramatically with distance (inverse square law)
what is the Inverse square law formula?
what is inverse square law?
the intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source
if distance is doubled, the exposure is ______?
reduced to ¼
if distance is cut in half, the exposure is_____?
4x the original
as distance increases, intensity____?
decreases
as distance decreases, intensity _____?
increases
what is the radiation exposure limit for pregnant students?
-1 mSv
what is the radiation exposure limit for students?
100 mrem or 1 mSv
what are the ways to stay shielded?
stay behind led shielded control booth
lead aprons, gloves, thyroid shields (contact shields)
what are the 2 electrodes of an x-ray tube?
cathode(e-)
anode(e+)
what is the x-ray tube made of?
glass (pyrex)
ceramic
metal
what is attached to the tube housing?
shadow shields
what houses the x-ray tube?
lead (Pb)
what is the x-ray tube submerged in?
oil
what is the abbreviation for lead?
Pb
what is the minimum equivalent of Pb?
.25 mm Pb, most .5 mm
what is thermionic emmission?
when electrons are boiled off the filament
where is the x-ray tube located in fluoroscopic units?
under table
what is located in the overhead carrier in fluoro?
image intensifier overhead
what does CR stand for?
computed radiography (cassette based)
what does DR stand for?
digital radiography (no cassette)
what do filament(s) & focusing cup refer to?
cathode (e-)
what is the copper disk with tungsten target that rotates for better heat dissipation?
anode (e+)
what is the pregnancy policy?
pregnancy doesn’t have to be declared, but if you do you will receive a 2nd dosimeter
what is the substance abuse policy?
dismissal from program if substance abuse is confirmed
what is the program progression policy?
maintain 75 or higher in all classes to progress
what is the readmission policy?
students who fail to progress during 1st semester must reapply for acceptance as a new student
reconsidered for readmission only once
what is direct supervisor?
supervision by a qualified radiographer
what is indirect supervision?
a qualified radiographer is available for immediate assistance
what does JCERT stand for?
joint review committee of education in radiologic technology
what is the role of JCERT?
accredits radiography and radiation therapy education programs to ensure they meet national standards
what does ALARA stand for?
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
what does GCE stand for?
General Clinical Evaluation
what is the evaluation based on technical skills & behavior, personality, & attitude?
General Clinical Evaluation (GCE)
what is the grade percentage for General clinical evaluation (GCE)?
55%
what is the grade percentage for discussion boards, rad tech boot camp, rad connect assignments?
25%
what is the grade percentage for Clinical conduct, clinical checklist, student exam logs?
20%
how many hours can a student miss for it to be made up time?
less than 4 hrs
how many hours can be missed for it to be a full made up day?
more than 4 hrs
how many late arrivals / early departures results in how many deductions?
3 late arrivals/early departures
2 points
what is the method used to determine the student's skills & accuracy in performing a particular radiographic examination?
Competency Form
what are the 2 required components of clinical evaluation?
1. Competency Form
2. General Clinical Evaluation (GCE)
what is the insurance policy required for clinicals?
health & liability
what does professionalism include?
Appearance
confidence
punctuality
competence
attitude
what is a health care professional skilled in the theory of the technical aspects of the use of radiation in the diagnosis & treatment of disease?
radiologic technologist
what does AEC stand for?
automatic exposure control
what is AEC?
a control on the X-ray console that automatically terminates the exposure when enough radiation has reached the IR
what does ASRT stand for?
American Society of Radiologic Technologists
who writes curriculum for educators?
ASRT
who lobbies on behalf of our profession
ASRT
what does AHRA stand for?
American Healthcare Radiology Administrators
who is in charge of the imaging department?
AHRA
what does ACERT stand for?
Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology
what does AEIRS stand for?
Association of Educators in Imaging and Radiologic Science
what does SDMS stand for?
Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
what does SNM stand for?
Society of Nuclear Medicine
what does AVIR stand for?
Association of Vascular and Interventional Radiographers
what does ARRT stand for?
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
what does RSO stand for?
Radiation Safety Officer
who establishes certification in various imaging modalities?
ARRT
whats the proper abbreviation for a Registered Technologist Radiography?
R.T.(R)
who are considered support staff?
transportation, reception, PACS administrator
who is the physician with specialty in radiology?
Radiologist
what is an advanced-level radiographer who extends the capacity of the radiologist?
Radiologist Assistant (RA)
who works with radiologist & hospital administration to establish policies & set budgets?
department manager
who is the supervisor/department coordinator that manages day-to-day operations?
Chief Technologist (Radiographer)
who certifies that healthcare institutions meet certain standards?
The Joint Commission (TJC)
who are funded through payment for medical services (can refuse treatment)?
private hospitals
who are funded by local, state, & federal funds (never refuse treatment)?
public hospitals
who are mostly funded by charity, religion, or research funds?
Non-for-profit hospitals
who are owned by a corporation, investment group, or physicians?
proprietary hospitals
what is any waste of resources that results from physicians changing their patterns of practice in response to the threat of malpractice liability?
defensive medicine
what is malpractice?
professional negligence causing injury or harm to pt from lack of professional knowledge, experience, and/or skill
what does members of other departments (nursing units, co-workers, radiologists, emergency department) referring to?
inside customers
who are people from outside hospital (patients & family, physicians, others in community)?
outside customers
what are some examples of outpatient centers?
urgent care
surgery centers
who discovered x-rays?
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
when were x-rays discovered?
November 8, 1895
The dosimeter is worn at _____ level during routine x-rays?
collar
what is worn during fluoro/surgery procedures?
lead apron
thyroid shield
dosimeter is worn at collar level outside of lead apron
when are continuing education credits are due?
every 2 years
when is lead shielding required for patients?
when reproductive organs are within 5cm of the x-ray beam