FINALS URINARY SYSTEM

What is the main function of the urinary system?

1. Filters blood to remove waste

2. Maintains fluid/electrolyte balance

3. Regulates acid-base balance (blood pH)

4. Produces and excretes urine

Major organs of the urinary system

• Kidneys: filters blood/ forms urine

• Ureters: carry urine from kidney to bladder

• Bladder: stores urine

• Urethra: carries urine out of body

What is the hilum?

Entry/ exit site for renal artery, vein, and ureter

What is the renal capsule

Protective fibrous outer layer

What is the cortex?

• Outer region with glomenruli

• Filtration starts here

What is the medulla

Inner region with pyramids and collecting ducts

What do renal pyramids do

They drain urine into minor calyces

describe filtration and where it happens

• Occurs in the glomerulus

• Filters blood plasma into tubule

Describe reabsorption and where it happens

• Occurs in the PCT, loop, DCT

• Returns useful substances to the blood

describe secretion and where it happens

• Occurs in DCT and collecting duct

• Where waste is actively added to filtrate

What does oliguria mean

Low urine output

What does polyuria mean

Excessive urine output

What is hematuria

Blood in urine

What is pyuria

Pus (WBCs) in urine

What is nephrolithiasis

Kidney stones

• Painful, obstructs urine

What is cystitis

Inflammation of badder (UTI)

What is cystolithiasis

Stones in the bladder

What is glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of kidney cysts

What is polycystic kidney disease

Genetic, fluid filled kidney cysts

What is renal failure

Kidney function loss (acute/chronic)

What is gout?

Utica acid buildup → possible kidney stones

What is detrusor muscle

smooth muscle in bladder wall; Relaxes to fill, contracts to void

What is internal urethral sphincter

Involuntary control

What is external urethral sphincter

Voluntary control

Micturitition reflex (urination)

1. Bladder fills→ stretch receptors activate

2. Destripar muscle contracts

3. Internal sphincter relaxes

4. External sphincter (voluntary control) allows release of urine

Describe adrenal glands and there function

• NOT apart of the urinary system

• Sits on top of kidneys

• Secrete hormones like aldosterone (controls sodium/water balance)

Where is the kidney located

• Right kidney slightly lower than the left (due to liver)

• Retroperitoneal space (behind the peritoneal) ; protected by ribs and fat layer