Articulations of Pelvic Girdle and Lower LImb

Sacroiliac joint — Structural classification

Synovial (Plane)

Sacroiliac joint — Functional classification

Diathrosis

Sacroiliac joint — Actions

Slight gliding of hip bones; movement during pregnancy and childbirth

Sacroiliac joint — Bony markings

Auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium.

Pubic symphysis — Structural classification

Cartilaginous (symphysis)

Pubic symphysis — Functional classification

Amphiarthrosis

Pubic symphysis — Actions

very slight movement of the pubic bones; movement can increase during pregnancy.

Pubic symphysis — Bony markings

Symphyseal surfaces of the left and right pubic bones

Coxal joint — Structural classification

Synovial (ball-and-socket)

Coxal joint — Functional classification

Diarthrosis

Coxal joint — Actions

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and circumduction of femur

Coxal joint — Bony markings

Head of the femur with the acetabulum of the hip bone.

Tibiofemoral joint — Structural classification

Synovial hinge

Tibiofemoral joint — Functional classification

Diarthrosis

Tibiofemoral joint — Actions

Primarily flexion and extension; medial and lateral rotation are possible when the knee is flexed.

Tibiofemoral joint — Bony markings

Medial and lateral condyles of the femur with the medial and lateral condyles/plateaus of the tibia.

Patellofemoral joint — Structural classification

Synovial (Plane and Hinge)

Patellofemoral joint — Functional classification

Diarthrosis

Patellofemoral joint — Actions

Flexion, extension, lateral rotation of leg in flexed positions, and slight medial rotation

Patellofemoral joint — Bony markings

Patella and Patellar surface of femur

Superior tibiofibular joint — Structural classification

What is the structural classification and type of the proximal tibiofibular joint? → Synovial joint; plane/gliding type.

Proximal tibiofibular joint — Functional classification

What is the functional classification (mobility) of the proximal tibiofibular joint? → Diarthrosis — freely movable, but with limited gliding.

Proximal tibiofibular joint — Actions

What actions are possible at the proximal tibiofibular joint? → Small gliding and rotational adjustments between the tibia and fibula.

Proximal tibiofibular joint — Bony markings

What bony markings articulate at the proximal tibiofibular joint? → Head of the fibula with the articular facet on the lateral condyle of the tibia.

Distal tibiofibular joint — Anatomical name

What is the anatomical name of the distal tibiofibular joint? → Distal tibiofibular joint.

Distal tibiofibular joint — Structural classification

What is the structural classification and type of the distal tibiofibular joint? → Fibrous joint; syndesmosis.

Distal tibiofibular joint — Functional classification

What is the functional classification (mobility) of the distal tibiofibular joint? → Amphiarthrosis — slightly movable.

Distal tibiofibular joint — Actions

What actions are possible at the distal tibiofibular joint? → Very small gliding/separation movements that allow slight adjustment of the ankle mortise.

Distal tibiofibular joint — Bony markings

What bony markings connect at the distal tibiofibular joint? → Fibular notch of the distal tibia with the medial surface of the distal fibula (lateral malleolus).

Talocrural joint — Anatomical name

What is the anatomical name of the talocrural joint? → Talocrural joint (ankle joint).

Talocrural joint — Structural classification

What is the structural classification and type of the talocrural joint? → Synovial joint; hinge type.

Talocrural joint — Functional classification

What is the functional classification (mobility) of the talocrural joint? → Diarthrosis — freely movable.

Talocrural joint — Actions

What actions are possible at the talocrural joint? → Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.

Talocrural joint — Bony markings

What bony markings articulate at the talocrural joint? → Trochlea of the talus with the inferior surface of the tibia and the medial and lateral malleoli.

Intertarsal joints — Anatomical name

What is the anatomical name of the intertarsal joints? → Intertarsal joints — articulations between the tarsal bones.

Intertarsal joints — Structural classification

What is the structural classification and type of the intertarsal joints? → Synovial joints; primarily plane/gliding joints.

Intertarsal joints — Functional classification

What is the functional classification (mobility) of the intertarsal joints? → Diarthrosis — freely movable, although individual joints have limited ranges of motion.

Intertarsal joints — Actions

What actions are possible at the intertarsal joints? → Gliding plus movements contributing to inversion and eversion of the foot.

Intertarsal joints — Bony markings

What bony markings articulate at the intertarsal joints? → Adjacent articular surfaces of the tarsal bones, including talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms.

Tarsometatarsal joints — Anatomical name

What is the anatomical name of the tarsometatarsal joints? → Tarsometatarsal joints (Lisfranc joints).

Tarsometatarsal joints — Structural classification

What is the structural classification and type of the tarsometatarsal joints? → Synovial joints; plane/gliding type.

Tarsometatarsal joints — Functional classification

What is the functional classification (mobility) of the tarsometatarsal joints? → Diarthrosis — freely movable, but with limited gliding.

Tarsometatarsal joints — Actions

What actions are possible at the tarsometatarsal joints? → Small gliding movements that contribute to foot flexibility and adjustment to the ground.

Tarsometatarsal joints — Bony markings

What bony markings articulate at the tarsometatarsal joints? → Distal surfaces of the three cuneiforms and cuboid with the bases of metatarsals I–V.

Metatarsophalangeal joints — Anatomical name

What is the anatomical name of the metatarsophalangeal joints? → Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints.

Metatarsophalangeal joints — Structural classification

What is the structural classification and type of the metatarsophalangeal joints? → Synovial joints; condyloid/ellipsoid type.

Metatarsophalangeal joints — Functional classification

What is the functional classification (mobility) of the metatarsophalangeal joints? → Diarthrosis — freely movable.

Metatarsophalangeal joints — Actions

What actions are possible at the metatarsophalangeal joints? → Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.

Metatarsophalangeal joints — Bony markings

What bony markings articulate at the metatarsophalangeal joints? → Heads of the metatarsals with the bases of the proximal phalanges.

Interphalangeal joints — Anatomical name

What is the anatomical name of the interphalangeal joints of the toes? → Interphalangeal (IP) joints: proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints; the great toe has one interphalangeal joint.

Interphalangeal joints — Structural classification

What is the structural classification and type of the interphalangeal joints of the toes? → Synovial joints; hinge type.

Interphalangeal joints — Functional classification

What is the functional classification (mobility) of the interphalangeal joints of the toes? → Diarthrosis — freely movable.

Interphalangeal joints — Actions

What actions are possible at the interphalangeal joints of the toes? → Flexion and extension.

Interphalangeal joints — Bony markings

What bony markings articulate at the interphalangeal joints of the toes? → Head of one phalanx with the base of the next phalanx.