Nurs 432 Midterm Exam Practice Questions (6 mos old)

B

"Groups of people who may or may not interact with each other but who have common health concerns and needs" is the definition of:

A. Neighborhood

B. Population

C. Community

D. Aggregates

A

Which of the following is the population?

A. Latina women

B. Diabetes

C. Food availability

B

Which of the following is the health outcome?

A. Latina women

B. Diabetes

C. Food availability

C

· Which of the following is the social determinant?

A. Latina women

B. Diabetes

C. Food availability

A

Population health may be a newer concept in the health care system today, but nursing has a long history of focusing on the health of population groups.

A. True

B. False

A

Prejudice has to do with beliefs and judgements, and discrimination are the actions taken based on these beliefs.

a. True

b. False

b

Nurse Smith holds beliefs about a certain racial group being less friendly compared to other groups. This is an example of:

a. Discrimination

b. Prejudice

c. Microaggression

d. Institutionalized racism

B

Would microaggressions be most accurately categorized as prejudice and/or discrimination?

a. Prejudice

b. Discrimination

c. Neither

d. Both

C

Celina is a Latina transgender woman in urgent care for an infection on her ahnd. The nurse has never taken care of a trans person before and catches herself staring at Celina repeatedly. While taking Celina's vitals the nurse asks, "You know at first I thought you were a real woman." This is an example of:

a. Ideology

b. Prejudice

c. Microaggression

d. Assessment

A

Implicit biases started forming at a young age and are further shaped as someone matures.

a. True

b. False

B

When is it more likely for implicit bias to impact our actions?

a. As new graduates

b. Under stressful situations

c. Under calm situations

d. At work

A, B, C

Which aspects of nursing care might be impacted by implicit bias? SATA.

a. Body language

b. Focused attention

c. Level of care

d. None of the above

D

Research has shown that unconscious biases may cause us to make decisions that contribute to:

a. Health differences

b. Health justice

c. Health equity

d. Health disparities

B

What is the best first step in helping to reduce health disparities among populations that experience discrimination?

a. Learn about all of the worse health outcomes

b. Understand one's own implicit biases

c. Expect to encounter challenges in providing care

d. Remember that everyone has the same experience in society

A

A nurse has begun collecting data as a part of the community health assessment for a zip code experiencing lack of access to primary health care providers. The data collected so far indicates a higher prevalence of DM, higher incidence of suicide, and a higher crime rate than neighboring zip codes. These data are an indication of which factor for the community?

a. Status

b. Structure

c. Process

d. Stage of Change

A

A researcher has typed up the responses from the key informant interview to begin to review to identify themes. This is an example of which type of data?

a. Qualitative

b. Quantitative

c. Secondary

d. Tertiary

A

What is the best definition of primary data?

a. Data collected by the researcher themselves

b. Useful data that was collected by someone else

c. Information measured with numbers

d. Information that describes the character of something

A, B, D

You are a public health nurse conducting a windshield survey of a neighborhood experiencing high rates of infant mortality. Your survey should include which of the following? SATA.

a. Documenting grocery stores

b. What are people doing on the street

c. Interviewing community leaders

d. Documenting any parks or recreational spaces

B

You are the population health nurse who will be prioritizing the community's needs based on stakeholder input. As the lead nurse, you will be meeting with community members, local health professionals, and administrators to determine health needs and set priorities. This would be considered which step of the community assessment?

a. Data collection

b. Establish community diagnosis

c. Define the community

d. Evaluate interventions

A

A nurse is developing a community health education program about PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis), a medication that prevents HIV infection. A recent survey in the area found that most young men who were at risk for HIV were not taking PrEP. The nurse includes educational material such as information about how HIV is transmitted, what PrEP is, how to take the medication, who might be eligible for PrEP, and where to get it. These topics would cover which domain of learning?

a. Cognitive

b. Affective

c. Psychomotor

d. Auditory

C

You are a member of the team conducting a Community Health Needs Assessment for the large multi-site hospital system you work within. You are organizing and reviewing data into a qualitative database from focus groups that have already been conducted. Your team members are working on collecting key informant interviews. Which stage of the community assessment are YOU working on?

a. Defining Community

b. Collecting Data

c. Analyzing Data

d. Implementing Programs

B

You are a member of the team conducting a Community Health Needs Assesment for the large multi-site hospital system you work within. You are organizing and reviewing data into a qualitative database from focus groups that have already been conducted. Your team members are working on collecting key informant interviews. Which stage of the community assessment are your team members working on?

a. Defining Community

b. Collecting Data

c. Analyzing Data

d. Implementing Programs

D

A temporal relationship is a criteria for determining:

a. Epidemiology

b. Susceptibility

c. Disease

d. Casualty

A

There were 5 newly diagnosed cases of measles in Ozaukee County in 2018. This describes what?

a. Incidence

b. Prevalence

c. Case fatality

d. Efficacy

B

In 2019, a county health department reported 874 residents living with HIV. This describes what?

a. Incidence

b. Prevalence

c. Secondary prevention

d. Death rate

B

In 2022 so far County A has reported 2,345 new cases of COVID 19 and 75 who have died form COVID 19. What is the incidence of COVID 19?

a. 2270

b. 2345

c. 75

d. 1000

A

Chemical agents, physical agents, and infectious agents are considered a part of which aspect of the epidemiological triangle?

a. Agent

b. Host

c. Environment

d. Casualty

D

What is the ongoing systematic collection and data analysis of health outcomes, such as infectious diseases?

a. Primary prevention

b. Web of causation

c. Herd immunity

d. Surveillance

A

A condition that occurs when the rate of disease exceeds the usual level of the condition in a defined population is called:

a. Epidemic

b. Endemic

c. Pandemic

d. Morbidity

B

A patient is receiving antibodies via immunoglobulins for Hepatitis A. This is an example of:

a. Active Immunity

b. Passive Immunity

c. Herd Immunity

d. Natural Immunity

B

Health disparities are defined as:

a. Nonspecific variation in health

b. Worse health among socially disadvantaged populations

c. Unavoidable health differences

d. Health outcomes resulting from poor choices

C

Jafaris is an African American child with asthma. His family lives below the federal poverty level and has recently been evicted. He is more likely to experience worse asthma outcomes compared to a White child who has never experienced eviction or poverty. This is an example of:

a. Health difference

b. Health equity

c. Health disparity

d. Health behavior

B

What is someone's relative position in the social hierarchy, related to economic resources, race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, and disability?

a. Health difference

b. Social disadvantage

c. Health disparity

d. Health equity

A, B, D

Which principles inform the concepts of health equity and health disparities? SATA.

a. Human rights

b. Ethics

c. Business

d. Nondiscrimination and equality

A

A reduction in health disparities is evidence that we are moving toward greater health equity.

a. True

b. False

A

Landlord can evict tenants at any time for not paying their rent.

a. True

b. False

A

Why might a renter paying less rent in a more impoverished neighborhood end up having to pay more in utility bills, compared to a renter in a more affluent neighborhood?

a. Less access to energy efficient homes and appliances

b. Improper billing by We Energies

c. Landlords in affluent neighborhoods pay for utilities

d. This statement is not true

D

One review study cited by Braveman and Gottlieb (2014) was found that medical care was responsible for approximately what percentage of preventable deaths in the US?

a. 90%

b. 70%

c. 50%

d. 15%

A

SDOH may contribute to poor health outcomes decades after exposure.

a. True

b. False

A

Arleen is a single mom who has experienced Eviction and also struggles with depression. Which of the following would be considered a structural level SDOH that may have contributed to Arleen's mental health diagnosis of depression?

a. Not completing high school

b. Lack of food

c. Experiencing grief after the death of her sister

d. Unsanitary living conditions

B

The Hinkston's apartment has a sagging ceiling due to water leakage, a thin blackish film coating the floor, and roaches crawling throughout the home. These are considered _____ SDOH according to the WHO CSDH framework.

a. Behavioral

b. Intermediary

c. Structural

d. Policy

B

The health system is considered a structural level SDOH.

a. True

b. False

C

You are a nurse on a med surg floor at a hospital situated near a low-income neighborhood with many people hospitalized due to issues related to cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Which of the following statements would be an evidence-based approach to understanding this situation?

a. Medical care is the strongest determinant of health outcomes

b. Housing policies do not play a role in these health outcomes

c. Assessment of maternal circumstances may reveal potential causes of poor health

d. Cultural and societal values would not impact the care received at the hospital

A

What does the Wheel of Public Health Nursing Interventions describe?

a. Actions nurses can take

b. Causes of the causes

c. SDOH

d. Policy analysis

D

Public health interventions are population-based if:

a. They focus on systems only

b. They focus on community only

c. They focus on individuals only

d. They consider all levels of practice

A

Which of the following interventions would have the largest impact on detrimental health effects of discrimination?

a. Policy that prevents discrimination in housing

b. Screening for PTSD at a clinical visit

c. Patient education pamphlets on how to take anti-anxiety medication

d. Screening for high cholesterol caused by elevated stress hormones

B

A neighborhood converts an abandoned lot into a community garden. This is an example of which level of an intervention to improve access to healthy foods?

a. Individual

b. Community

c. Organizational

d. Policy/systems

B, D

Which of the following would have the greatest impact on health outcomes? SATA.

a. Dental screenings

b. Water fluoridation

c. Patient education about immunizations

d. Immunization requirements to enter school

C

Which of the following would be considered the most upstream intervention for addressing high rates of childhood obesity among children living in poverty?

a. My Plate brochures

b. Screen for diabetes

c. Raise the minimum wage

d. Fund nutritional counseling

A

Allostatic load is?

a. Wear and tear on the body's systems related to prolonged or excessive stress

b. Body's ability to return to normal

c. A way to calm a stress response

d. A stress hormone from the adrenal gland

B

The body's main stress response follows which pathway?

a. Adrenal-thyroid-pituitary

b. Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal

c. Hippocampus-parathyroid-adrenal

d. Neuro-endocrine-gonadal

A, B

Sherrena, the landlord in Evicted, may experience different long term health impacts from stress b/c? SATA.

a. She has a higher degree of control over the stressor

b. She has more social advantage

c. She has little control over the outcome

d. She has limited resources for coping

A, B, C

Mikey's experiences of chronic stress during his childhood may result in. SATA.

a. Long term damage to multiple organ and body systems

b. Impaired ability to switch off the stress response later in life

c. Higher allostatic load

d. More efficient coping later in life

C

Which of the following is a health-related behavior that has been linked to stress?

a. Unhealthy food choices

b. Preterm birth

c. Obesity

d. Diabetes

B

Acute stress is more damaging to health than chronic exposure to stressful everyday hardships.

a. True

b. False