Personality Disorders w/ Focus on Antisocial Personality

In general, what are personality disorders? (*don’t need to know*)

• endure pattern of experience/behavior

  • deviates from culture

  • pervasive/inflexible

  • leads to distress/impairs social and occupational functioning

  • begins with adolescence

  • based on trait approach to personality

Most people diagnosed with personality disorders have ___

Most people diagnosed with personality disorders have COMORBIDITY

• more than one personality disorder

• have another disorder

What disorders are the most reliable?

• antisocial/borderline personality disorder

Define personality trait

inner experience and behavior

remember the 5-factor OCEAN mode

define personality disorder

representing extremes of normal personality trains, deviate from cultural expectations

which personality disorder do you think is most dangerous to patient

most likley to attempt suicide → borderline personlaity disorder

which personality disorder do you think is most dangerous to others in society

antisocial personality

Which PD can be helped by medications

borderline personality disorder, SSRI

which 2 are considered to be the most “reliable” diagnosis

test-retrest, inter-rater

What is all involved in Group A

ODD/Eccentric

paranoid

schizoid

schizotypal

What is ODD/ecentric

all bare some similarity to schizophrenia/paranoid/schizoid

• appear odd/eccentric

• resemble less disturbed form of schizophrenia

What are the characteristics involved in being paranoid?

distrust and suspiciousness of others; highly jealous and secretive

• most frequent in men

• doubts loyalty/trustworthiness

• less disturbed than paranoid schizophrenia

What is involved in schizoid

detachment from social relationships and restricted range of expressed emotion

• don’t desire close relationships/family

• loner/bland

• anthedonic - pleasure in few activities

What is schizotypal

deficient social/interpersonal relationships; cognitive & perceptual distortions; eccentric behavior

• odd belief

• magical thinking:

  • superstitious, clairvoyant, telepathic

• genetic link

  • attenuated schizo.

  • children of schizophrenics

What are the ideas of reference in regards to Group A

the TV is talking about them

What does attenuated mean in regards to Group A

reduced in force, intensity

What is all involved in Group B

HIGHLY VARIABLE behavior

• dramatic/erratic

• historionic

• theatrical

• narcissistic/grandiosity

What is dramatic/erratic characteristics

• group B

• borderline'; historic; narcissistic; antisocial

• inconsistent, dramatic, erratic, rule-breaking behaviors

What is histrionic

pervasive pattern of exessive emotionality (overly dramatic and attention seeking)

• do so through sexual means

• center of attention

• self dramatization

What are characteristics of theatrical

higher in emotion, drama

What is involved in narcissism/grandiosity

• in group B

• pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in beliefs or behavior) need for admiration, and lack of empathy

  • over-inflated sense of power

  • self-importance, etc

  • need for admiration

  • self-centered

not in a sexual way**

How does Group B/s ‘projected personality’ differ from their self-esteem?

projected is how they portray themselves, self-esteem is how they see themselves

role of family history in development

What is borderline characteristics

Pattern of instabiliyt of:

• interpersonal relationships

  • self-image (poor self-concept)

• affects

  • periods of dysphoria/anger

• impulsive!

• fear of /effort to avoid abandonment

• suicidal gestures/threats

What are some frantic efforts to avoid for borderline personality disorder

abandonment

for BP disorder, what do they impulsively engage in

• sex-

• reckless behavior

• binge-eating

• suicide attempts/non-life threatening cuts

When do dissociative symptoms occur

severe stress

define dysphoria

dissatisfaction, discomfort with ones self

Define splitting

aka “etiology”

• see all events as all good or all bad

• personality

  • intense emotionality + trouble controlling emotions/impulsive

define emotional dysregulation

not able to react to something normally, too emotional

• found in splitting

What family history is typically associated with borderline personality

low level of care, high incidence of verbal, emotional, sexual and physical abuse

what neurotransmitter was found to be low in BP splitting disorder

low serotonin —> can be helped by SSRI

• 60% variance is genetic

• decreased activity in PFC

• increased activity in amygdala

What is antisocial

persistent disregard for the right of others

what are the DSM criteria for antisocial personality disorder

• lack of remorse

• deceitfulness

• presence of conduct disorder before age 15

  • truancy/theft/running away/cruelty to animals

What is the most common disorder amongst convicted felons

antioscial personality disorder

know the 2 components tested on the Hare psychopathy checklist

shows emotional detachment and antisocial lifestyle

What is psychopathy; how does it differ from APD?

psychopathy (basis of thoughts/feelings to distinguish from criminality)

• poverty of emotions (no sense of shame, lack of guilt, false charm)

• manipulation of others

• impulsive behaviors

know the 4 categories of inmates tested in the Hare startle response study and the findings

• non-psychopaths

• detached white collar workers

• antisocial

• psychopaths

Heritability. Who were cleckley and hare?

hare - did a prison study using the psychopahty checklist

lykken - incidental avoidance learning

• normal/psychos = equally good at learning

  • psychos had more punished errors

    • work better with reduced anxiety and ignore unpleasant consequences/unable to learn

What were some examples given in class of serial killers with APD?

Ted bundy, patrick mackay

What is all involved in Group C

anxious/fearful anxious/perfectionist

• avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

What is avoidant personality?

• in group C

• pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitive to negative evaluation

  • avoids friendships, hypersensitivity, fear of being judged

• antisocial but dif. → social phobia

How are avoidants different from schizoid?

• are comorbid with social phobia, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, social inhibition fearful of criticism, rejection and disapproval

what is the dependent personality

• pervasive and excessive/need to be taken care of → submissive and clingy

• fears abandonment

• difficulty expressing disagreement/everyday decisions

what is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

pervasive preoccupation with orderliness/perfectionism

• mental/interpersonal control → inflexible/closed/

  • details, rules, lists, order

  • control freaks

  • excessive devotion to work and productivity

What don’t people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder have that people with OCD have?

no obsessions, and compulsions