Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards covering body cavities, organ systems, directional terms, planes of reference, anatomical regions, and specific organ classifications based on the provided Human Anatomy study guide.

Integumentary System

Provides protection, regulates body temperature, and prevents water loss.

Skeletal System

Provides support and protection, stores calcium and phosphorus, and provides a place for muscle attachments.

Muscular System

Produces body movement and generates heat when muscles contract.

Nervous System

Regulatory system that controls body movement, responds to sensory stimuli, helps control all other systems, and is responsible for consciousness, intelligence, and memory.

Endocrine System

Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones regulating body and cellular growth, chemical levels, and reproductive functions.

Cardiovascular System

Consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels; the heart moves blood through vessels to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gases, and picks up waste.

Lymphatic System

Transports and filters lymph, and initiates an immune response.

Respiratory System

Responsible for gas exchange between blood and air in the lungs.

Digestive System

Mechanically and chemically digests food, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products.

Urinary System

Organ system consisting of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Parietal Membrane

Outer layer of the serous membrane that lines the wall of a cavity.

Visceral Membrane

Inner layer of the serous membrane located directly on the organ.

Serous Cavity

The potential space between the outer parietal membrane and the inner visceral membrane.

Anterior

Directional term meaning toward the front.

Posterior

Directional term meaning toward the back.

Superior

Directional term meaning above.

Inferior

Directional term meaning below.

Medial

Directional term meaning toward the middle.

Lateral

Directional term meaning away or farther from the middle.

Proximal

Directional term meaning closer to the point of attachment or origin.

Distal

Directional term meaning farther from the point of attachment or origin.

Superficial

Directional term meaning above or closer to the skin.

Deep

Directional term meaning further in from the surface.

Coronal Plane

Reference plane that cuts the body in half into front and back sections.

Transverse Plane

Horizontal reference plane that cuts the body in half into top and bottom sections.

Mid-sagittal Plane

Reference plane that cuts the body in half into left and right sections.

Cranial Cavity

Body cavity formed by the cranium that houses the brain.

Vertebral Cavity

Body cavity formed by the vertebral column containing the spinal cord.

Thoracic Cavity

Chest cavity bordered anteriorly and laterally by the chest wall.

Mediastinum

Sub-cavity of the thoracic cavity containing the pericardial cavity, thymus, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels.

Pericardial Cavity

Cavity containing the heart, enclosed by the pericardium membrane.

Pleural Cavity

Cavity containing the lungs, enclosed by the pleural membrane.

Abdominal Cavity

Cavity bordered superiorly by the diaphragm; contains stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, kidneys, and ureters, lined by peritoneum.

Pelvic Cavity

Cavity located between the hip bones; includes urinary bladder, urethra, internal reproductive organs, and parts of the large intestine, lined by peritoneum.

Cephalic

Anatomical regional term referring to the entire head.

Orbital

Anatomical regional term referring to the eye sockets.

Axillary

Anatomical regional term referring to the armpit.

Brachial

Anatomical regional term referring to the arm or upper arm region.

Antibrachial

Anatomical regional term referring to the forearm.

Radial

Anatomical regional term referring to the lateral side of the forearm.

Tibial

Anatomical regional term referring to the medial side of the lower leg.

Lumbar

Anatomical regional term referring to the lower back.

Femoral

Anatomical regional term referring to the thigh.

Antecubital

Anatomical regional term referring to the front of the elbow.

Popliteal

Anatomical regional term referring to the back of the knee.

Sural

Anatomical regional term referring to the calf.

Plantar

Anatomical regional term referring to the sole of the foot.

Inguinal

Anatomical regional term referring to the groin.

Anterior

Directional term meaning to the front.

Posterior

Directional term meaning to the back.

Superior

Directional term meaning above.

Inferior

Directional term meaning below.

Medial

Directional term meaning to the middle.

Lateral

Directional term meaning away or farther from the middle.

Distal

Directional term meaning farther from.

Proximal

Directional term meaning closer to.

Superficial

Directional term meaning above the skin.

Deep

Directional term meaning further in.

Coronal plane

Reference plane cut in half front and back.

Transverse plane

Horizontal reference plane cut in half top and bottom.

Midsagittal plane

Reference plane cut in half left and right.

Integumentary system

Organ system that provides protection, regulates body temperature, and prevents water loss.

Skeletal system

Organ system that provides support and protection, stores calcium and phosphorus, and provides a place for muscle attachments.

Muscular system

Organ system that produces body movement and generates heat when muscles contract.

Nervous system

Regulatory system that controls body movement, responds to sensory stimuli, helps control all other systems, and is responsible for consciousness, intelligence, and memory.

Endocrine system

Organ system consisting of glands in cell clusters that secrete hormones regulating body and cellular growth, chemical levels, and reproductive functions.

Cardiovascular system

Organ system consisting of the heart, blood, and blood vessels that moves blood through vessels to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gases, and pick up waste.

Lymphatic system

Organ system that transports and filters lymph and initiates an immune response.

Respiratory system

Organ system responsible for gas exchange between blood and air in the lungs.

Digestive system

Organ system that mechanically and chemically digests food, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products.

Urinary system

Organ system consisting of the kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Male reproductive system

Organ system consisting of ductus deferens, prostate gland, seminal vesicle, epididymis, urethra, testis, penis, and scrotum.

Female reproductive system

Organ system consisting of mammary glands, ovary, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, clitoris, and labia.

Parietal membrane

Outer membrane that lines the wall of a cavity.

Visceral membrane

Inner membrane located on the organ.

Serous cavity

The fluid-filled space located between the parietal membrane and visceral membrane.

Cranial cavity

Body cavity formed by the cranium that houses the brain.

Vertebral cavity

Body cavity formed by the vertebral column that contains the spinal cord.

Thoracic cavity

Chest cavity bordered anteriorly and laterally by the chest wall.

Mediastinum

Thoracic region containing the pericardial cavity, thymus, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels.

Pericardial cavity

Cavity containing the heart; bounded by the pericardium membrane.

Pleural cavity

Cavity containing the lungs; bounded by the pleural membrane.

Abdominal cavity

Cavity bordered by the diaphragm; contains stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, kidneys, ureters, and lined by peritoneum.

Pelvic cavity

Cavity located between hip bones; includes urinary bladder, urethra, internal reproductive organs, and some of the large intestine.

Cephalic

Anatomical term for the entire head.

Frontal

Anatomical term for the forehead.

Orbital

Anatomical term for the eye or eye sockets.

Nasal

Anatomical term for the nose.

Buccal

Anatomical term for the cheek.

Oral

Anatomical term for the mouth.

Auricular

Anatomical term for the ear.

Occipital

Anatomical term for the back of the head.

Deltoid

Anatomical term for the shoulder.

Axillary

Anatomical term for the armpit.

Pectoral

Anatomical term for the chest.

Sternal

Anatomical term for the sternum.

Mammary

Anatomical term for the breast.

Brachial

Anatomical term for the arm or upper arm region.

Antecubital

Anatomical term for the front of the elbow.

Antebrachial

Anatomical term for the forearm.