Chapter 12 Social Psychology

Attributions

events or actions, including other people’s behavior.

Dispotional attribution

based on peoples internal characteristics such as abilities traits, mood. (explanation)

situational attributes

referring to external events such as the weather, luck, accident, out of time… (explanation)

Fundamental Attribution Error

when explaining other behavior there’s tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate situation factors.

Just World Hypothesis

Tendency to believe that good stuff happens to good people and bad stuff happens to bad people

subtyping

when we meet someone without our stereotype believe that theyre exception .

prejudice

negative feeling and beliefs associated with stereotypes people based on the groups they belong to, blatant v. microaggression

microaggression

not out--right said but still discriminated.

ingroup bias

groups we belong to; identity, hobby, interest.

outgroup bias

groups that we don’t belong to

social identity theory

self-esteem increases ingroup; brings down outgroup.

competition

can increase prejudice and discrimination.

cooperation

increases awareness and reduces prejudice. brings exposure.

Tiffany Alvoid, Ted talk

Stop microaggression; stop and think, growth mindset, kindness

Attitudes

how we feel positive/negative evalute objects, events, ideas.

Simple Attitude

behavior is consistent with attitidue. excercise good-does it

complex attitude

behavior is not consistent with attitude. excercise good- doesnt do it.

Attitudes develop in 3 ways

mere-exposure effect, conditioning, socialization

mere-exposure effect

increase in liking dure to repeated exposure

conditioning

associations b/w things and their meanings can change. attitude can be conditioned.

socialization

observe other people’s attitudes and then model them in your own behavior.

cognitive dissonance

uncomfortable mental state due to a contradiction between 2 attitudes or between and attitude and a behavior.

persuasion

active and conscious effort to change attitude with a message

central route

high elaboration pay attention to arguments and consider all information in the message. develop stronger attitudes.

Peripheral route

low elaboration minimally process message. develop weaker attitudes and likely to change idea

social facilitation

presence of others often improves performance for tasks.

social loafing

when efforts are pooled so individuals dont feel personally responsible for groups output. presence of others decreases tasks

deindividuation

reduced individuality occurs when others are not self-aware and not pay attention to personal standards. (not normal behavior)

risky-shift effect

account for why people in a group may try something dangerous none of them try alone.

group polarization

groups is initially risky, decisions more risky

group think

group is under intense pressure, doesn’t carefully process all information available to it.

Conformity

act of altering your own behavior and opintions to match those of other people/match expectations.

3 ways of inducing compliance

foot-in-door, door-in-face, lowballing

foot-in-door

agree to small request more likely to comply with larger.

door-in-face

refuse to comply with larger request more likely to comply with smaller request

lowballing

agree to buy a product for certain price more likely to comply when asked to pay more.

cognitive dissonance 2 ways

Changing the conflicting cognition

changing the conflicting behavior