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Ming Dynasty
Chinese dynasty (1368-1644) that drove out the Mongols
Ming Decline
period marked by pirate disruptions
Qing Dynasty
dynasty established by the Manchus in 1644 after conquering China
Kangxi
Qing emperor (1661-1722)
Qianlong
Qing emperor (1736-1795)
Son of Heaven
term used to describe the emperor of China
Scholar-Bureaucrats
civil servants trained in Confucian texts who held government positions after passing competitive examinations
Civil Service Examination
rigorous exam system that created a meritocracy for selecting Chinese government officials based on Confucian knowledge.
Patriarchal Family
family structure in China where the father held authority and filial piety
Population Growth
significant increase in Chinese population due to agricultural advancements and American food crops
Foreign Trade
trade with foreign countries
Neo-Confucianism
revival of Confucian philosophy during the Ming and Qing periods
Matteo Ricci
Italian Jesuit missionary in Ming China
Christianity and Confucianism
Christian missionaries in China faced resistance to the exclusivity of Christianity
Tokugawa Shogunate
military government established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after 1600
Bakufu
military government established by Tokugawa Ieyasu to control Japan
Daimyo
powerful local lords in feudal Japan
Policy of Isolation
Tokugawa shogunate’s policy of limiting foreign trade and relations
Floating Worlds
urban cultural centers in Edo Japan
Ihara Saikaku
Japanese poet and novelist
Kabuki
popular Japanese theater form involving colorful performances
Dutch Learning
knowledge of European science
Anti-Christian Campaign
Tokugawa shogunate’s crackdown on Christianity after 1612
Christian Missions
efforts by Jesuit missionaries to convert Japanese people to Christianity in the 16th century
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