Chapter 14: Tradition and Change in East Asia

Ming Dynasty

Chinese dynasty (1368-1644) that drove out the Mongols

Ming Decline

period marked by pirate disruptions

Qing Dynasty

dynasty established by the Manchus in 1644 after conquering China

Kangxi

Qing emperor (1661-1722)

Qianlong

Qing emperor (1736-1795)

Son of Heaven

term used to describe the emperor of China

Scholar-Bureaucrats

civil servants trained in Confucian texts who held government positions after passing competitive examinations

Civil Service Examination

rigorous exam system that created a meritocracy for selecting Chinese government officials based on Confucian knowledge.

Patriarchal Family

family structure in China where the father held authority and filial piety

Population Growth

significant increase in Chinese population due to agricultural advancements and American food crops

Foreign Trade

trade with foreign countries

Neo-Confucianism

revival of Confucian philosophy during the Ming and Qing periods

Matteo Ricci

Italian Jesuit missionary in Ming China

Christianity and Confucianism

Christian missionaries in China faced resistance to the exclusivity of Christianity

Tokugawa Shogunate

military government established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after 1600

Bakufu

military government established by Tokugawa Ieyasu to control Japan

Daimyo

powerful local lords in feudal Japan

Policy of Isolation

Tokugawa shogunate’s policy of limiting foreign trade and relations

Floating Worlds

urban cultural centers in Edo Japan

Ihara Saikaku

Japanese poet and novelist

Kabuki

popular Japanese theater form involving colorful performances

Dutch Learning

knowledge of European science

Anti-Christian Campaign

Tokugawa shogunate’s crackdown on Christianity after 1612

Christian Missions

efforts by Jesuit missionaries to convert Japanese people to Christianity in the 16th century