1- Pediatric Motor Development

Embryonic and fetal

Gestation to birth

Birth to 2 weeks

what age is neonatal?

3-6 weeks

what age is an Infant?

1-3 years

what age is a toddler?

4-10/12 years

a child is what age?

11-18/21 years

what age is an Adolescent?

Baby

0-12 months

1-3 years

what age is a toddler?

2-5 years

what age is Preschool?

5-6 years

what age is Kindergarten?

5-18 years

what is the school age?

13-18 years

what age is a Teen?

18-21 years

what age is young adult?

Functional movement

The body's ability to perform natural movements in daily life

Age and position

-supine, prone, rolling, crawling, creeping, sitting, standing, walking, run, hopping, jump, skip, stair climbing, transitional movements

-higher level movements

Manipulation by age and activity

-fine motor activity

-reaching, grasp, release, feeding

Functional movement, age and position, manipulation by age and activity, primary reflexes

what are the developmental domains?

Prenatal skills

Conception to birth

Reflexive skills

automatic responses to stimuli; birth to 2-4 weeks

pre-adapted period

-Period ends with the attainment of independent locomotion and self-feeding

-2-4 weeks to 1 year

Fundamental Skills

-The communication, management, number, thinking, and problem-solving skills needed as a basis for further development

1 to 7 years

Context-specific

-generated to help the user carry out a particular task

-7 to 11 years

11 years and older

what age is skillful?

Neuromaturational theory

-development follows a set, invariant sequence

-development is tightly tied to central nervous system development

-motor development is cephalocaudal and proximal to distal

-recent modifications acknowledge variations in the sequence and input from all systems

Behavioral theory

-behavior is shaped by the environment

-the stimulus, response, and environmental consequence constitute a contingency of behavior

-consequences of behavior influence future occurrences of the behavior

-applied behavior analysis (ABA) is the application of this theory

Cognitive theory

-thinking develops in stages of increasing complexity

-children organize mental schemes through the use of mental operations

Psychoanalytical/psychosocial theory

-there are biologically determined drives and unconscious conflicts

-the core of these conflicts is sexual

-initial drives are for survival; when basic needs are met, we seek self-actualization

Ecological Contextual Theory

Which theory?

The environment has a very strong influence on child development

Dynamic systems theory

-movement emerges based on the internal milieu, the external environment, and task

-movement is not directed by one system, but many dynamic, interacting systems

Neuronal group selection theory

-Infant motor development includes periods of increased and decreased variability due to changes in the CNS

-Cortical and subcortical systems dynamically organize into variable neural networks

Task, environment, organism

What are the aspects of the dynamical systems theory?

Genetic, individual's own role, and environment

What are the influences on child development?

Cystic fibrosis

A genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems.

duchenne muscular dystrophy

which disorder?

affects primarily boys with onset between the ages of 3 and 5 years; the disorder progresses rapidly so that most of these boys are unable to walk by age 12 and later need a respirator to breathe

Spinal muscular atrophy

genetic disorder characterized by severe muscle weakness in infancy and progressive respiratory failure

Down syndrome

a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.