population genetics

Evolution

The change in organisms over time.

Microevolution

Focuses on changes in populations from generation to generation.

Macroevolution

Changes in species or larger taxonomic groups.

Population genetics

The study of genetic changes in populations over time.

Alleles

Different versions of a gene.

Genotype

The alleles an individual has at a particular gene.

Phenotype

Observed characteristics of an individual.

p (in population genetics)

Represents the frequency of the dominant allele.

q (in population genetics)

Represents the frequency of the recessive allele.

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium conditions

No mutation, no gene flow, random mating, no genetic drift, no natural selection.

Zygote

A diploid cell formed by the fusion of egg and sperm.

Morula

A solid ball of cells formed after repeated mitotic divisions of the zygote.

Blastula

A hollow ball of cells that develops from the morula.

Gastrula

An embryo in its stage after the blastula folds inward.

Archenteron

The embryonic tube that forms during the gastrulation process.