BTEC Sport & Exercise Science Revision Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering planes of movement, anatomical terminology, muscle contractions, and blood physiology based on BTEC Sport & Exercise Science mock exam corrections.

Sagittal plane

A plane of movement involving forward and backward movements, such as running, sprinting, kicking, and jumping.

Frontal plane

A plane of movement involving side-to-side movements, such as star jumps and cartwheels.

Transverse plane

A plane of movement involving rotational movements, such as a golf swing or discus throw.

Flexion

A movement that decreases the angle at a joint, such as bending the elbow during a bicep curl.

Extension

A movement that increases the angle at a joint, such as straightening the knee during a football kick.

Abduction

Movement of a limb away from the body midline, such as raising arms in a jumping jack.

Adduction

Movement of a limb towards the body midline, such as lowering arms after a star jump.

Plantarflexion

Movement where the toes point down, such as when pushing off in a sprint start.

Dorsiflexion

Movement where the toes move up towards the shin, such as when landing from a jump.

Supination

Movement where the palm is facing upwards, similar to the position of holding a tray.

Pronation

Movement where the palm is facing downwards, such as in a press-up position.

Concentric contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle shortens to create movement, such as jumping in basketball.

Eccentric contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle lengthens under tension, such as landing after a volleyball spike.

Isometric contraction

A muscle contraction where the muscle is under tension but there is no movement, such as holding a plank.

Shoulder joint

A ball and socket joint mainly comprised of the humerus and scapula, used in a tennis serve.

Hip joint

A ball and socket joint used during a football kick.

Elbow joint

A hinge joint used during a bicep curl.

Knee joint

A hinge joint used during a squat, capable of flexion and extension.

Ankle joint

A hinge joint used during a sprint push-off.

Trunk

A gliding joint used in movements like a gymnastics arch.

Red blood cells

Blood components that carry oxygen to muscles to support endurance activities like marathon running.

White blood cells

Blood components that fight infection to keep an athlete healthy for training.

Platelets

Blood components responsible for clotting blood to stop bleeding after an injury.

Plasma

The liquid component of blood that transports nutrients and waste, and removes carbon dioxide during exercise.

Type I muscle fibres

Slow twitch endurance fibres used for long-distance events like marathon running.

Type IIa muscle fibres

Fast oxidative glycolytic fibres used for middle-distance events like a 400m race.

Type IIx/IIb muscle fibres

Fast explosive fibres used for short-duration power events like a 100m sprint.

Oxyhaemoglobin

The molecule formed when oxygen is carried by haemoglobin in the blood.

Vena cava

The major vein that returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Diffusion

The process where substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Agonist

The muscle primarily responsible for a movement.

Antagonist

The muscle that opposes the action of the agonist.