WHI.14 (2015) Late Medieval Period Vocab

Magna Carta

a document that King John of England was forced to sign; limited the power of the king, making the king obey the same laws as the citizens of the kingdom

The Hundred Years' War

War between France and Britain; helped define France as a nation as it developed a strong monarchy

Ferdinand and Isabella

united Spain in 1479; drove the Moors out of southern Spain

Charles V

Expanded the Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere

Crusades

A series of holy wars undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule

Key Events of the Crusades

- Pope Urban's speech

- Capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders

- Formation of Four Crusader States

- Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin

- Sack of Constantinople by the western Crusaders

Constantinople

fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire; became capital of the Ottoman Empire

Black Death/Bubonic Plague

illness spread by fleas on rats from Asia; killed every 1 in 3 people

Monastery

a Christian community of men where monks live and work; during the Middle Ages, Medieval Era, and Renaissance, their translations of Greek and Arabic manuscripts in addition to other scholastic works laid the foundation for the rise of universities