Intro to Cells

Characteristics of Life

1. One or more cells

2. Energy for Metabolism

3. Respond to environmental stimuli

4. DNA pass off to offspring

Components of Cell Theory

1. all living things are made up of cells

2. cells come from other cells

3. cells are the basic units of structure and function

Theory

an idea that has so much evidence to back it up that we start to think of it as a fact

Prokaryotic Cell

Single-cell organisms

• lacks nucleus / membrane-bound organelles

  • first type of cell to exist

Eukaryotic Cell

Complex Cells

• has nucleus / membrane-bound organelles

  • came after prokaryotes

plasma membrane

All cells have a ? to differentiate inside / outside

ribosomes

All cells have ? to make proteins

RNA, DNA

All cells have ? and ? to carry info for proteins

Archaea, bacteria, eukarya

There are 3 domains of cells

1. ? (Ancient)

2. ? (Germs)

3. ? (Complex)

harsh

Archaea cells can survive ? environments

• halophiles: survive high salt concentrations

• thermophiles: survive high temperatures

internal, specialized

Eukaryotic cells maintain ? membranes that partition the cell into ? regions

Compartmentalize

Organelles ?

• metabolic processes

• enzymatic processes

minimizing, increasing

Internal membranes facilitate cellular processes by

• ? competing interactions

• ? surface area

Endosymbiosis

One organism lives inside another host organism

• organelles evolved from free-living prokaryotes who attached to larger hosts (codependency)

Photosynthesize

Prokaryotes can ? through their membranes

Cyanobacteria

photosynthetic bacteria