BM - Bones

Three main mechanical functions for bones with musculoskeletal system

Structure, protection, movement

Bone material constituents that help with stiffness and compressive strength.

Calcium carbonate; calcium phosphate

Bone material constituents that help with tensile strength.

Collagen

All bone material consituents

Calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen, water

Compact, mineralized connective tissue with low porisity

Cortical bone

Type of bone tissue most likely found in the shafts of long bones

Cortical

Type of bone tissue categorized by less compact mineralized connective tissue with high porosity.

Trabecular

Type of bone tissue most likely found in the ends of long bones

Trabecular

Type of bone tissue most likely found in the vertebrae

Trabecular

Type of bone tissue that makes up 80% of skeletal mass

Cortical

Type of bone tissue that makes up 20% of skeletal mass

Trabecular

Type of bone tissue that can withstand greater stress

Cortical

Type of bone tissue that can withstand greater strain

Trabecular

Characteristic that describes a material’s different mechanical properties depending on direction

Ansiotropy

Equation for internal stress (Tension)

σ = P/A

Equation for internal stress (Compression)

σ = -P/A

Equation for internal stress (Shear)

τ = V/A

Equation for internal stress (Bending)

σ = Mc/I

Equation for internal stress (Torsion)

τ = Tc / J

“Bone adapts (remodels) in response to the mechanical loads placed on it.”

Wolff’s Law

Number of bones in the adult body

206

Number of bones in the axial skeleton

80

A shallow, dish-shaped depression in a bone that can

serve as an articular surface or as a muscle

attachment.

Fossa

A bony prominence (i.e. the protruding part of the scapula)

Process

A rounded projection of bone to which a ligament,

tendon, or muscle attaches; usually created or

enlarged by the stress of the muscle's pull on that

bone during growth. Usually roughened.

Tuberosity

A rounded process or projection of a bone that

articulates with another bone (i.e. the round part of a “cartoon” bone)

Condyle

A small condyle (usually a site for muscle/ligament

attachment) on or near a condyle

Epicondyle

Blunt irregularly shaped bony projection (femur)

Trochanter

A small, fairly flat, smooth surface of a bone, that is

usually an articular surface

Facet

A hole in a bone through which nerves or vessels pass (i.e. holes in the pelvis)

Foramen