Psychological Disorders Vocabulary Flashcards chat 14

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary related to psychological disorders and their characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment.

Psychopathology

The scientific study of psychological disorders.

Mental Illness

A variety of models and definitions that explain psychological disorders.

Statistical Abnormality Model

Defines abnormality based on how rare or unusual a behavior is.

Social Nonconformity Model

Characterizes abnormality by the deviation from social norms.

Situational Context Model

Considers the environment when determining the context of behavior.

Cultural Relativity

The idea that judgments about behavior are made relative to cultural values.

Subjective Discomfort Model

Refers to personal feelings of distress or discomfort in an individual.

Core Feature of Disordered Behavior

Characterized by maladaptive behaviors that hinder self-care and productivity.

Maladaptive Behavior

Dysfunctional thoughts and actions that prevent an individual from functioning.

Dangerous Behavior

Conduct that poses a threat to oneself or others, often indicative of mental illness.

Biopsychosocial Model

Explains psychological disorders as the result of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Psychoanalytic Viewpoint

Focuses on unconscious conflicts from childhood that affect present behavior.

Behavioral Viewpoint

Emphasizes the role of the environment and learned behaviors in mental disorders.

Cognitive Viewpoint

Addresses irrational thinking and beliefs that contribute to psychological disorders.

Humanistic Viewpoint

Emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, often hindered by societal expectations.

Sociocultural Viewpoint

Considers cultural and social factors in the manifestation of psychological disorders.

Insanity

A legal term indicating a person is not responsible for their actions due to mental illness.

Competency to Stand Trial

Refers to an individual's ability to understand and participate in legal proceedings.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

The accepted standard classification system for psychological disorders.

Psychiatric Labeling

The application of diagnostic labels that can either aid or harm individuals' perceptions.

Rosenhan's Study

An experiment showing the effects of psychiatric labels where 'pseudo-patients' were misdiagnosed.

Psychosis

A mental disorder characterized by a loss of contact with reality.

Delusions

False beliefs that persist despite contradictory evidence.

Hallucinations

Perceptual experiences that occur without an external stimulus.

Flat Affect

An emotional response where an individual shows virtually no emotion.

Disturbed Verbal Communication

Impaired speech patterns that may include neologisms or disorganized thoughts.

Schizophrenia

A severe mental disorder characterized by distortions in thought, emotion, and behavior.

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Psychotic behaviors not seen in healthy individuals, such as hallucinations.

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Absence of normal emotions or behaviors, such as lack of pleasure.

Bipolar Disorder

A mental health condition marked by extreme mood swings between mania and depression.

Postpartum Depression

Moderately severe depression that occurs after childbirth.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

A type of depression related to changes in seasons and reduced sunlight.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A disorder characterized by recurrent, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions).

Hypochondriasis

Preoccupation with having a serious illness despite lack of medical evidence.

Conversion Disorder

Physical symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions without a medical cause.

Dissociative Disorders

Conditions involving disruptions in memory, awareness, identity, or perception.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A developmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviors.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

An anxiety disorder marked by excessive worry about various aspects of life.

Panic Disorder

An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks.

Phobias

Intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations.

Social Phobias

Fear of social interactions or performance situations, often leading to avoidance.

Agoraphobia

Fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult.

Acute Stress Disorder

An anxiety disorder that develops in response to a traumatic event occurring within four weeks.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

An anxiety disorder that occurs after experiencing a traumatic event, with symptoms lasting longer than a month.

Suicide Prevention

Actions taken to reduce the likelihood of individuals taking their own lives.

Major Warning Signs for Suicide

Changes in mood, social withdrawal, or giving away possessions, indicating potential suicide risk.

Cognitive Behavioral Theory

A psychotherapy approach that addresses dysfunctional emotions, behaviors, and cognitions.

Attributional Theory

The belief that negative events are attributed to internal, stable, and global factors leading to pessimism.

Mood Disorders

Psychological disorders that involve disturbances in emotional states.

Symptoms of Depression

Feelings of inadequacy, despair, and withdrawal from activities.

Symptoms of Mania

Characterized by euphoria, grandiosity, hyperactivity, and extreme behavior.

Treatment of ADHD

May include stimulant medications and behavioral interventions.

Sociocultural Factors in Mental Illness

Cultural influence on the perception and manifestation of psychological symptoms.

Biological Factors in Psychopathology

Genetic predispositions and neurochemical imbalances involved in mental disorders.

Environmental Factors in Psychopathology

The influence of life events and conditions on the development of psychological disorders.

Developmental Disorders

Disorders that originate in childhood, potentially affecting physical and behavioral functioning.

Personality Disorders

Characterized by long-lasting and inflexible behaviors and patterns.