Protein production and secretion

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4 Terms

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Organelles involved in protein production and secretion

Nucleus, rough ER, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, cell membrane

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Protein processing and secretion

  1. DNA found in nucleus copied into molecule called mRNA

  2. Leaves nucleus via nuclear pores to ribosomes, and ribosomes synthesise protein

  3. Protein enters rough ER cis-face where it is modified, then pinched off into a transport vesicle, leaves via trans face

  4. Vesicle travels to cis face of Golgi apparatus by cytoskeleton, where it is further modified and packaged.

  5. ‘Pinched’ off into secretory vesicle, protein moves to plasma membrane and fuses with it and is secreted outside (exocytosis. Some turn into hydrolytic enzymes.

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Eukaryotic cells

Have membrane bound organelles and have a true nucleus. Have 80s ribosomes. Has cytoskeleton and cell surface membrane. Both unicellular and multicellular, reproduces asexually/sexually.

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Prokaryotic cells 

No nucleus and no membrane bound organelles. Have 70s ribosomes. Has cytoskeleton and surface membranes. Unicellular, reproduces by binary fission.