Extraction of Metals- rushed notes

define an ore

a sample of rock that contains enough of a mineral for it to be worthwhile to extract the metal

define an alloy

a mixture of metals

if a metal is less reactive than carbon, how is the metal ore reduced

by a displacement reaction with carbon

if a metal is more reactive than carbon, how is the metal ore reduced

electrolysis

how is iron extracted

• iron is less reactive than carbon

• so iron is extracted from iron oxide by heating it with carbon

steps:

1. carbon is more reactive than iron so displaces it

2. Fe2O3 loses oxygen and is reduced, Fe2O3 is the oxidising agent

3. C gains oxygen and is oxidised, C is the reducing agent

4. ions in Fe2O3 are Fe3+ and O2-

5. Fe3+ + 3e- → Fe

how is aluminium extracted

by electrolysis because it is more reactive than carbon

give an alternative method to extracting a metal

• reaching the metal compound with a more reactive metal

• e.g. titanium

• TiCl4 + 2Mg → Ti + 2MgCl2

what metals make:

1. steel

2. stainless steel

1. iron and carbon

2. iron and chromium and nickel

why is an alloy harder than a pure metal

1. different sized atoms

2. disrupts regular lattice

3. layers of cations cant slide over each other

why’s is aluminium good for drinks cans

• lightweight

• low density

why’s copper good fro pots and pans

very good conductor of heat and electricity

whys wrought iron good

malleable

bad tho bc it corrodes easily

whys low carbon steel good

increases strength of iron

whys high carbon steel good

less malleable and ductile

whys stainless steel good

very resistant to corrosion

good for sinks pans knives and forks