07 - Theories of Global Politics
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94 Terms
Q: What do theories of Global Politics express dissatisfaction with?
Established theoretical traditions in IR that overlook voices, identities, and environmental concerns.
Q: What does post-structuralism emphasize?
Power and discourse as forces that shape meaning and behaviour in global politics.
Q: How does post-structuralism explain why things are the way they are?
Communication mediums and discourse construct reality and influence state behaviour.
Q: Why is discourse important in post-structuralism?
It creates meaning at multiple levels and shapes how individuals and states interpret events.
Q: What does post-colonialism emphasize?
Voices and lived experiences of the Global South shaped by colonial histories.
Q: Why is post-colonialism essential to IR?
IR cannot be understood without acknowledging how colonialism shaped today’s global system.
Q: What does feminism emphasize in global politics?
Gender inequality and how male dominance shapes international systems and institutions.
Q: How does feminism explain gender hierarchy in IR?
Historical male superiority and exclusion of women from power structures.
Q: What does queer theory emphasize?
Sexuality and how norms about gender and sexual identity shape global politics.
Q: Why did feminism and queer theory emerge in IR?
To address gendered and sexualized power dynamics ignored by traditional IR theories.
Q: What does Green theory emphasize?
The environment as foundational to human existence and central to future global politics.
Q: Why is the Earth considered critical in Green theory?
Environmental collapse threatens all political, economic, and social systems.
Q: What distinguishes positivists from post-positivists?
Positivists believe in objective reality; post-positivists argue world politics is socially constructed.
Q: Why do post-positivists reject value-free social science?
Values shape how individuals see the world and interpret global politics.
Q: What do post-positivists argue about observation?
Pure objective observation is impossible because everything is influenced by social constructs.
Q: What does post-structuralism argue about language?
Language constructs social reality rather than simply describing it.
Q: Why is discourse central to post-structuralism?
Because discourse shapes meaning, identity, and behaviour in global politics.
Q: How do post-structuralists view truth claims?
They are skeptical, arguing that “truth” is socially constructed and tied to power.
Q: Why do post-structuralists reject empiricism?
Observation is never neutral; it is shaped by values, ideology, and perspective.
Q: What is the relationship between knowledge and power in post-structuralism?
Power determines what knowledge is legitimized and who has access to it.
Q: What is ontology in post-structuralism?
The question of what exists and who defines (political) concepts like democracy or terrorism.
Q: What is epistemology in post-structuralism?
The process of knowing—how we come to understand political concepts.
Q: Why do post-structuralists critique metanarratives?
They believe broad theories oversimplify reality and hide power relations.
Q: What does “theory is always for someone and for some purpose” mean?
All theories reflect the interests and assumptions of their creators.
Q: How does post-structuralism interpret media narratives?
Media constructs meaning and shapes public perception through selective discourse.
Q: Why is post-structuralism critical of Western narratives?
They often reinforce dominant power structures and marginalize alternative voices.
Q: How does post-structuralism view categories like “developed” and “developing” states?
As discursive constructions shaped by power, not objective realities.
Q: What role does perspective play in post-structuralism?
Reality is shaped by perspective, which is influenced by power and discourse.
Q: Why is post-structuralism considered post-positivist?
It rejects the idea of objective reality and emphasizes constructed meanings.
Q: What is a major critique of post-structuralism?
It critiques everything but offers few concrete solutions.
Q: What does post-colonialism emphasize?
The lived experiences and perspectives of formerly colonized states.
Q: Why is post-colonialism critical of traditional IR?
Traditional IR is Eurocentric and ignores Global South experiences.
Q: What is the core concern of post-colonialism?
How colonial legacies shape global politics, identity, and inequality.
Q: What is hierarchy in post-colonial theory?
A structured dominance of the West over former colonies.
Q: Why does post-colonialism reject anarchy as the organizing principle?
Global politics is shaped by hierarchy, not equal state relations.
Q: What is Orientalism?
A Western construction of the “Orient” as exotic, inferior, and homogeneous.
Q: What does “The Wretched of the Earth” highlight?
The psychological violence and dehumanization caused by colonialism.
Q: What is self-determination in post-colonialism?
The right of nations to govern themselves free from external domination/interference.
Q: What is Eurocentrism?
The belief that the West is central to world affairs and projects its worldview outward as universal.
Q: What is essentialism?
The belief that cultural groups have fixed, defining characteristics, denying internal diversity.
Q: What is W.E.B. Du Bois’ “colour-line” thesis?
Racial division is the central problem of the modern world.
Q: What is double consciousness?
Seeing oneself through one’s own eyes and through the eyes of a dominant, often hostile society.
Q: What is a critique of post-colonialism?
It overlooks non-Western forms of domination and sometimes rejects all IR theory.
Q: What does feminism analyze in IR?
The global subordination of women and how gender shapes world politics.
Q: Why do feminists critique traditional IR?
Traditional IR excludes women and treats politics as masculine.
Q: What is gender in feminist theory?
Socially constructed expectations of how men and women ought to behave.
Q: What is intersectionality?
A framework showing how overlapping identities (race, class, gender, sexuality) shape privilege and oppression.
Q: What is patriarchy?
A system of society or government where men hold power and women are largely excluded.
Q: What does liberal feminism focus on?
Women’s roles in IR and removing barriers to gender equality.
Q: What does post-colonial feminism emphasize?
Intersectionality and rejecting universalized Western feminist assumptions, highlighting how colonial histories shape gendered oppression differently across contexts.
Q: What does post-structural feminism analyze?
Gendered language and how dichotomies like strong/weak empower masculinity.
Q: What does feminist constructivism study?
How ideas about gender shape and are shaped by global politics.
Q: What does critical feminism examine?
Material and ideational gendered power relations and exploitation.
Q: How do feminists redefine security?
As multidimensional—physical, emotional, social, economic, and ecological.
Q: What is a feminist critique of state security policies?
Policies may make some women more insecure (e.g., curfews, economic restrictions).
Q: How does gender shape the global political economy?
Women are paid less, assigned “supplemental” roles, and face structural economic insecurity.
Q: Why does feminism critique gendered job expectations?
They reinforce inequality and limit women’s economic security.
Q: What does queer theory focus on?
How sexual norms shape international power, policy, and security.
Q: What does queer theory critique?
Binary gender assumptions and heteronormative frameworks in global politics.
Q: How do gender and sexuality norms influence foreign policy?
They shape who is considered legitimate, electable, or acceptable in leadership.
Q: How does queer theory view “normal soldiers” or “normal wars”?
As socially constructed through gendered and sexual norms.
Q: What does queer theory say about LGBTQ+ security needs?
They are often sidelined, creating vulnerabilities in conflict and policy.
Q: How do sexual norms shape global political economy operations?
Policies and production often assume heteronormative roles and identities.
Q: How does queer theory interpret post-9/11 narratives?
Sexuality, race, and identity intersect to construct figures like “the terrorist.”
Q: What is a critique of queer theory?
It is accused of making every issue about sexuality and lacking scientific method.
Q: What does Green theory emphasize?
The environment as the central issue shaping future world politics.
Q: Why does Green theory critique traditional IR?
Traditional IR is state-centric and ignores ecological crises.
Q: What does Green theory argue about climate change?
It will reshape world politics and make current theories inadequate.
Q: Why is climate change hard to study objectively?
Its effects are indirect, long-term, and cross borders.
Q: Why does Green theory reject levels of analysis?
Environmental effects do not stay within domestic or international boundaries.
Q: What does Green theory say about industrialization?
States cannot develop without it, complicating climate cooperation.
Q: What is the tragedy of the commons?
States prioritize their own interests over collective environmental action.
Q: What major climate agreements exist?
Vienna Convention (1985), Montreal Protocol (1987), Kyoto Protocol (1997), Paris Agreement (2015).
Q: Why is climate change the “new arena” of conflict?
Environmental crises create competition over resources, territory, and survival.
Q: Why does Green theory call for rethinking world politics?
Ecological collapse will make traditional power politics irrelevant.
Q: What does Green theory say about CO2 emissions?
They are rising exponentially and threaten global stability.
Q: Why is climate cooperation difficult?
States rely on environmental exploitation for economic growth.
Q: What is colonialism?
The imperial expansion of Europe to impose its social, economic, political, and cultural systems on other territories.
Q: What is decolonization?
The process of a state withdrawing from a former colony, granting it independence.
Q: What is hierarchy in post-colonial theory?
A structured system of dominance between former colonizers and colonized states.
Q: What is imperialism?
The policy or practice of extending a state's power through colonization, military force, or political control.
Q: What is race in post-colonial theory?
A classification of humans by physical or biological traits, often used to maintain power or solidarity.
Q: What is masculinity?
Qualities or attributes culturally associated with men or boys.
Q: What is toxic masculinity?
Harmful expressions of masculinity that reinforce dominance, aggression, or suppression of emotion.
Q: What is misogyny?
Prejudice, contempt, or ingrained dislike toward women.
Q: What is discourse?
The process of assigning meaning to reality through language.
Q: What is heteronormativity?
The assumption that heterosexuality is the norm and foundation of social and political systems.
Q: What is homonormativity?
The expectation that LGBTQ+ identities conform to traditional norms of gender and sexuality.
Q: What is cisnormativity?
The assumption that all people identify with the gender assigned at birth.
Q: What is the tragedy of the commons?
A collective action problem where individuals or states overuse shared resources, harming all.
Q: What is the Vienna Convention?
A 1985 agreement to protect the ozone layer.
Q: What is the Montreal Protocol?
A 1987 treaty phasing out CFCs to protect the ozone layer.
Q: What is the Kyoto Protocol?
A 1997 agreement requiring developed states to reduce CO2 emissions.
Q: What is the Paris Agreement?
A 2015 accord aiming to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C.