buisness

What is the private sector?

Businesses owned by individuals to make a profit. Example: A veterinary practice or dog grooming salon.

What is the public sector?

Government-funded organisations that serve the public. Example: DEFRA (Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs).

What is the third sector?

Non-profit organisations focused on a cause. Example: RSPCA – rescues and rehomes animals.

What is a sole trader?

A business owned and run by one person. Simple setup but full personal risk. Example: Mobile dog groomer.

What is a partnership?

A business run by 2–20 people sharing profits, risks, and decisions. Example: Two people running a pet boarding service.

What is a private limited company (Ltd)?

A legal entity with privately owned shares. Limited liability for owners. Example: A growing pet product business.

What is a public limited company (PLC)?

A company with shares traded publicly on the stock exchange. Example: Pets at Home.

What are the 4 Ps of marketing?

Product, Price, Place, Promotion.

What does ‘Product’ mean in marketing?

The goods or services a business offers. Example: Grooming, pet food, boarding.

What does ‘Price’ mean in marketing?

The cost to the customer — must be competitive and profitable. Example: Higher price for luxury grooming.

What does ‘Place’ mean in marketing?

Where the product or service is accessed. Example: Online bookings, local pet shop.

What does ‘Promotion’ mean in marketing?

How a business attracts customers. Example: Loyalty cards, Instagram ads.

What is revenue and how is it calculated?

Revenue = Price × Quantity. E.g. £20 × 10 customers = £200 revenue.

What is total cost?

Total cost = Fixed costs + Variable costs. E.g. Rent (£100) + Supplies (£20) = £120 total.

What is profit and how is it calculated?

Profit = Revenue – Total Costs. E.g. £200 – £120 = £80 profit.

What is break-even and how do you calculate it?

Break-even = Fixed Costs ÷ (Selling Price – Variable Cost). E.g. £100 ÷ (£20 – £5) = 6.67 units to break even.

What is sustainability in animal care?

Using eco-friendly practices to reduce environmental impact. Examples: Solar panels, biodegradable bedding, ethical suppliers.

What are SOPs and why are they important?

Step-by-step instructions for tasks to ensure safety and consistency. Example: SOP for cleaning enclosures prevents cross-contamination.

What are the key points of good customer service?

Be polite, professional, and respectful. Handle complaints calmly. Keep personal data private (GDPR).

Why is empathy important in animal care?

Builds trust with clients and reduces animal stress.

What is the Animal Welfare Act 2006?

UK law ensuring animals have the 5 welfare needs:
1. Suitable environment
2. Suitable diet
3. Normal behaviour
4. Companionship
5. Protection from pain, injury, disease

What is the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974?

Protects employees and visitors. Requires PPE, training, and risk assessments.

What is RIDDOR?

Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations. Employers must report workplace injuries or hazards.

What is COSHH?

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health. Requires safe use and storage of chemicals.

What is the Control of Dogs Act 1991?

Requires dogs to be under control in public. Applies to owners, kennels, and dog walkers.

What is the Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976?

Requires a licence to keep certain exotic animals. Used by zoos and exotic pet handlers.

What is GDPR and why is it important?

General Data Protection Regulation. Protects people’s personal information from being shared or misused.

What should a Distinction-level answer include?

Clear definitions, real