Criminal Justice and Criminology Lecture Review

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering criminal epidemiology, the Philippine Criminal Justice System, RA 11131, classification of crimes, and theories of crime causation based on the provided lecture notes.

How does the study of criminal epidemiology define its focus?

It is the study of the relationship between environment and criminality.

What is the specific focus of criminal ecology?

The study of criminality in relation to the spatial distribution in the community.

According to the Philippine Law Dictionary, what constitutes a crime?

An act committed or omitted in violation of public law.

What are the three elements included in the Triangle of Crime?

1. Intent/Desire, 2. Motive, and 3. Opportunity/Capability/Instrumentality.

How are Mala In Se crimes defined?

Acts that are outlawed because they violate basic moral values, such as rape, murder, assault, and robbery.

What is Edwin Sutherland's definition of Criminology?

The entire body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon, including the processes of making laws, breaking laws, and reacting toward the breaking of laws.

What branch of criminology deals specifically with the administration and management of jails?

Penology.

Why did George Wilker argue that criminology cannot be considered a science?

Because it has not yet achieved universal or worldwide validity.

What are the five pillars of the Philippine Criminal Justice System?

1. Law Enforcement, 2. Prosecution, 3. Court, 4. Corrections, and 5. Community.

How does the Revised Penal Code define a frustrated crime?

When the offender performs all acts of execution which would produce the felony as a consequence but it is not produced due to causes independent of the perpetrator's will.

What are the three penalty-based classifications of felonies according to gravity?

Grave felonies, Less grave felonies, and Light felonies (penalized by arresto menor or a fine not exceeding $P200.00$).

What is the difference between an acquisitive crime and an extinctive crime?

In an acquisitive crime, the offender acquires something; in an extinctive crime, the consequence of the act is destructive.

Who coined the term 'criminologia' in 1885?

Raffaele Garofalo.

What is the official title of Republic Act No. 11131?

The Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018.

What are the rating requirements to pass the licensure examination for criminologists?

A weighted average rating of $75\%$ with no grade less than $60\%$ in any given subject.

How is the 'Crime Rate' mathematically calculated?

$$\text{Crime Rate} = \frac{\text{Crime Volume}}{\text{Population}/100,000}$$

What is the distinction between 'Matricide' and 'Patricide'?

Matricide is the killing of a mother by her own child, while patricide is the killing of a father by his own child.

Identify the 'Holy Three of Criminology' who advocated for the Positivist school.

Cesare Lombroso, Enrico Ferri, and Raffaele Garofalo.

What concept did Jeremy Bentham propose to explain that people act to seek pleasure and avoid pain?

Utilitarian Hedonism.

What was the 'law of talion' principle found in the Code of Hammurabi?

The principle of 'tit for tat' or 'an eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth,' where punishment matches the harm inflicted.

What are the three core characteristics of Criminal Law?

It is General (binding on all in the territory), Territorial (applicable within Philippine territory), and Prospective (acts are only punishable under laws existing at the time of the act).

Under the Revised Penal Code, what is the 'Attempted Stage' of a felony?

When the offender begins the commission of a felony directly by overt acts but does not perform all acts of execution due to causes other than voluntary desistance.