Chem- chapter 5

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Chemistry

Thermodynamics

Chemistry (SL)

HL chem

10th

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48 Terms

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Specific heat capacity
the amount of energy needed to change 1 g of a substance by 1 °C.
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Specific heat of water
4\.18
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Calorimetry
the accurate and precise measurements of heat changes for chemical and physical processes.
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Endothermic
process that absorbs energy
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Exothermic
process that releases energy
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enthalpy
the heat content for systems at a constant pressure (represented as H).
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thermometer
instrument used to measure average kinetic energy
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joule
SI unit for energy
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calorie (lowercase c)
one calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 g of water by 1 °C
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kinetic energy
the energy of motion
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potential energy
stored energy or energy of position
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solid
solid
1
1
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liquid
liquid
3
3
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gas
gas
5
5
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endothermic
endothermic
Type of process
Type of process
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Reactants
Reactants
A
A
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Products
Products
B
B
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Heat change (delta H)
Heat change (delta H)
C
C
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x-axis label
x-axis label
Reaction
Reaction
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y-axis label
y-axis label
Potential Energy
Potential Energy
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exothermic
exothermic
Type of process?
Type of process?
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1 Cal= 0.00418 J
Cal to Joules
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1 cal= 4.18 J
cal to Joules
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1000 cal= 1 Cal
cal to Cal
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H°f
H°f
standard heat of formation
standard heat of formation
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Standard temperature (STP)
0° C
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Standard pressure (STP)
1 atm or 101.3 kPa
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Law of conservation of energy
energy cannot be created nor destroyed
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Temperature
the measurement of average kinetic energy
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Work
moving matter against an opposing force
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Energy
the capacity to do work
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Thermochemistry
the study of heat changes that occur during chemical reactions and physical changes of state.
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Heat capacity
the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of an object by 1 °C.
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Calorimeter
device used to measure the heat absorbed or given off.
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Thermochemical reactions
an equation including heat change (NOT q=mcAT).
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Heat of reaction
the heat change for an equation as written.
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molar heat of combustion
energy change when burning one mole of a substance.
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molar heat of fusion
energy change when melting one mole of a substance.
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Molar heat of solidification
energy change when freezing one mole of a substance.
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molar heat of vaporization
energy change when vaporizing one mole of a substance.
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molar heat of condensation
energy change when condensing (changing from gas to liquid) one mole of a substance.
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molar heat of solution
energy change per mole of solute when making a solution.
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heating curve
represents heat vs. temp.
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vaporization
vaporization
4 (pink)
4 (pink)
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condensation
condensation
4 (green)
4 (green)
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solidification
solidification
2 (green)
2 (green)
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melting
melting
2 (pink)
2 (pink)
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Chemical potential energy
energy stored in chemicals because of their compositions