Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System Functions

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems discussed in the lecture.

Sympathetic Innervation

A type of innervation in the body that does not have dual power and is responsible for the body's 'fight or flight' response. Only sympathetic nerves are involved.

Epinephrine

A hormone released from the adrenal medulla that mimics the effects of norepinephrine, increasing heart rate, contraction, respiratory rate, and pupil dilation.

Norepinephrine

A neurotransmitter released by sympathetic nerves that has widespread effects on the body, notably during stress responses.

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter primarily associated with the parasympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for 'rest and digest' functions.

Adipose Cells

Cells that store energy; activated during sympathetic control when the body requires energy.

Erector Pili Muscles

Muscles controlled by the sympathetic nervous system that contract and cause hair to stand on end.

Cholinergic Receptors

Receptors that respond to acetylcholine, primarily found in the parasympathetic nervous system.

Duration of Effects: Acetylcholine vs Norepinephrine

Acetylcholine effects are short-lived due to acetylcholinesterase, while norepinephrine has longer-lasting effects as it does not have a specific enzyme for breakdown.

Fight or Flight Response

A physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival.

Dual Power

The concept that certain body functions are regulated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems; not applicable to all body parts.