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Spanish colonies in North America

Southwestern U.S., Florida, and Caribbean; resource extraction.

Characteristics of French colonization

Fur trade, friendly with Natives, sparsely settled.

Characteristics of Dutch colonization

Focused on trade, diverse, New Netherland colony.

John Cabot

Italian explorer for England; Newfoundland discovery.

joint-stock companies

Investors share profits; funded New World colonies.

Corporate colonies

Run by joint-stock companies; profit-driven.

Royal colonies

Directly controlled by the English crown.

Proprietary colonies

Owned by individuals granted charters by crown.

Virginia Company

Funded Jamestown; joint-stock company charter.

Jamestown (eventually Virginia)

First permanent English settlement in America.

John Smith

Leader in Jamestown; ensured colony’s survival.

Pocahontas

Native American liaison, married John Rolfe.

Plymouth (eventually merges into Massachusetts)

Pilgrim settlement; merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Separatists/Pilgrims

Religious group seeking separation from Church.

Mayflower Compact

Agreement for self-government by Pilgrims.

Puritans

Sought to purify the Church; settled Massachusetts.

Massachusetts Bay (region and reason for founding)

Puritan colony, religious freedom, New England region.

John Winthrop

Leader of Massachusetts Bay; “City upon a Hill.”

Puritan Migration (aka Great Migration)

Large-scale Puritan migration to Massachusetts Bay.

Maryland (region and reason for founding)

Chesapeake region; Catholic haven and tobacco farming.

Act of Toleration and its repeal

Granted, then revoked, religious freedom for Christians.

Rhode Island (region and reason for founding)

New England; religious freedom and separation of church/state.

Roger Williams

Founded Rhode Island; advocated religious freedom.

Anne Hutchinson

Challenged Puritan leaders; exiled to Rhode Island.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

First written constitution in America; Connecticut.

New York (region and reason for founding)

Middle colonies; trade and Dutch legacy.

Pennsylvania (region and reason for founding)

Middle colonies; Quaker haven, religious freedom.

William Penn

Founded Pennsylvania; Quaker leader, religious tolerance.

Quakers

Religious group advocating pacifism and equality.

Georgia (region and reason for founding)

Southern colony; debtor’s refuge, buffer against Spanish.

James Oglethorpe

Founded Georgia; social reformer and military leader.

House of Burgesses

First representative assembly in colonial America.

Chesapeake colonies main characteristics

Tobacco economy, indentured servants, and scattered settlements.