Sustainable Crop Production pt. 2

Philippine Agenda 21

Nation's blueprint for sustainable development

- Ecologically Sound

- Economically Viable

- Socially just, humane and equitable

- Culturally appropriate and sensitive

- Grounded on holistic

- Appropriate use of technology

- Full development of human potential

Seven elements/Dimensions of SA

Ecologically Sound

Dynamic relationship between humans and

environment

Ecologically Sound

Follow agroecological principles

Ecologically Sound

Improvement of standard of living of farmers

Ecologically Sound

Indigenous farm resources and practices

Economically viable

Promotes food seculty

Economically viable

Free from subsidy and credit

Economically viable

Economically viable

Economically viable

Presence of net positive income

Economically viable

Absence of external costs (e.g loan interest)

Economically viable

Presence of local market support systems

Economically viable

Marketing channels

Economically viable

Post-production or post harvest systems

Socially just, humane and equitable

Enhances community participation, harmony, human and

social capital, values, gender sensitivity

Socially just, humane and equitable

Socially acceptable methods

Socially just, humane and equitable

Respects the dignity and rights of individuals

Socially just, humane and equitable

Access to food, land, credit, education

Culturally appropriate and sensitive

Makes use of indigenous knowledge systems or IKS

Culturally appropriate and sensitive

Creativity, self-reliance and spirituality

Culturally appropriate and sensitive

Based on inherent Filipino values, tradition and practices

Grounded on holistic/

Diversified yet integrated, location-specific

Appropriate use of technology

The technology used by farmers is location- and culture-specific and adopts the principles of transparency,

accountability and fairness.

Full development of human potential

Political development and accountability

- Proactive

- Flexible

- Experiential

Attributes of SA

1. Low external input sustainable agriculture (LEISA)

2. Organic farming

3. Permaculture

4. Biodynamic farming

5. Kyusei nature farming

6. Korean natural farming

7. Natural farming

Models of SA

Organic Agriculture

It is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and

people.

Organic Agriculture

It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects.

Organic Agriculture

It combines tradition,

innovation and science to benefit the shared

environment and promote fair relationships and

a good quality of life for all involved.

- Health

- Ecology

- Fairness

- Care

Four basic principles of organic agriculture

Health

Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as

one and indivisible.

Health

Healthy soil, healthy crops, healthy livestock, healthy people

Ecology

Organic Agriculture should be based

on living ecological systems and cycles,

work with them, emulate them and

help sustain them,

Ecology

Agro-ecology, Diversity, Recycling

Fairness

Organic Agriculture should build on

relationships that ensure fairness with

regard to the common environment and life opportunities

Fairness

Ecological and social justice, Fair Trade

Care

Organic Agriculture should be managed

in a precautionary and responsible manner to protect the health and

well-being of current and future generations and the environment.

Care

Precaution

Permaculture

It is the idea that if you

take the time to study the relationships between different

natural systems you can design a way to use their ecosystem

sustainably each year to produce a yield.

Biodiversity

Total variability within all living organisms and the ecological complexes they inhabit

Biodiversity

Intraspecies variation in diversity or the variation of diversity enclosed in one species

Agrobiodiversity

Agricultural biodiversity

Agrobiodiversity

Genetic resources for food and agriculture

- Genetic diversity

- Species diversity

- Ecosystem biodiversity

Types of Agrobiodiversity

Genetic diversity

Variation of genes within species

Genetic diversity

Different traditional varieties of rice.

Species Diversity

Variety of species within a given area or region

Species Diversity

Different species of vegetables raised in backyard gardens in the Philippine countryside (bahay kubo)

Ecosystem biodiversity

Boundaries of communities in association with species and ecological system

- Coastal ecosystem

- Forest Ecosystem

- Rice Ecosystem

Ecosystem biodiversity

Agrobiodiversity

Source of food, medicine, fuel, construction materials and other aesthetic, recreational, cultural and research values

Agrobiodiversity

Climate and water regulation

Agrobiodiversity

Creation and protection of the soil

Agrobiodiversity

Reduction of floods and soil erosion

Agrobiodiversity

Natural control of agricultural pests and Nutrient cycling and organic fertilizer source

- Crop diversification

- Integrated farming system

How to achieve Agrobiodiversity

1. Soil fertility

2. Efficient nutrient utilization

3. Pest and weed management

Benefits of Crop Diversity

- Soil

- Water

- Genetic resources

Resource Conservation and Regeneration

- Keep soil covered

- Prevent soil erosion

- Prevent soil from being altered chemically

- Encourage health

- Grow legumes

Soil Conservation/Regeneration

- Minimize use of ground water

- Maximize use of soil and subsoil water

- Optimize use of rain water

- Decrease evapotranspiration, percolation, etc

Water conservation

- In situ

- Ex situ

- In vitro

Genetic Resource Conservation

In Situ

In the field or in its natural setting

Ex Situ

In gene bank

In vitro

In tissue culture