Chapter 3: Enzymes and Cellular Respiration

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

combination of the enzyme and attached substrate

Activation Site

place where enzyme and substrate attach to eachother

Allosteric Site

where an effector will attach

Effectors

inhibitors(reduce/prevent enzyme activity) and activators(increases enzyme activity)

Competitive Inhibition

two molecules of similar shape compete to bind to the same enzyme; reversible

Non-Competitive

inhibitor binds to allosteric site reducing enzyme activity; irreversible

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

pH, temperature, substrate/enzyme concentration, ionic conditions

Cellular Respiration

ATP production and glucose breakdown

3 Stages of Cellular Respiration

glycolysis, kreb’s cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

Glycolysis

Glucose → 2 Pyruvate + NADH + 2ATP; anaerobic

Location of Glycolysis

cytosol

Krebs Cycle

Pyruvate(from glycolysis) → Acetyl CoA → NADH + FADH₂ + CO₂ + 2ATP; aerobic

Location of Krebs Cycle

matrix of mitochondria

Oxidative Phosphorylation

electron transport chain + ATP synthase; aerobic

Location of Oxidative Phosphorylation

cristae of the mitochondria

Electron Transport Chain

NADH + FADH₂ → NAD⁺ + FAD⁺

ATP Synthase

32-34ATP from H⁺ from electron transport chain