short answer prompts

The difference between conceptual variables/constructs and operational definitions

conceptual variables = theoretical level

construct → conceptual variable = defining construct in very detailed or concrete terms

operational definition = how variable will be measured or manipulated

• Different types of measures (i.e., self-report, behavioral, physiological)

self report - answering questions about yourself thru interviews and surveys

behavioral - recording observable behavior

physiological - brain response measured thru fMRI

• The difference between reliability and validity

reliability = consistency of results that come from the measurement

validity = measuring what we are supposed to be measuring (A test will yield consistent results when a construct is not changing)

• What are the different errors (among those studied in class) that can bias responses to a survey? (Examples)

social desirability

• How can the correlation coefficient be used to evaluate reliability?

• Distinguish between types of validity (including examples): face validity, content validity, criterion validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity

example of face validity

example of content validity

example of criterion validity

example of convergent validity

example of discriminant validity

• Distinguishing between population, sample, and census

Population: entire set of people or items you’re interested in

Sample: Smaller set of cases take from population

Census: set of observations that contains ALL members of the population of interest

• The differences between probability vs. non-probability sampling methods

probability of selection is known and is biased-free

non-probability of selection is RANDOM