Carboxylic acids

A carboxylic acid is a molecule with…

an alcohol group bonded to a carbonyl group

What’s this molecule called?

2-methylbut-3-enoic acid

When carboxylic acids react with carbonates, we observe…

effervescence caused by the production of CO2

Draw the carboxyl group

Carboxylic acid and water molecules can form…

hydrogen bonds

Two carboxylic acid molecules can form

hydrogen bonds and a dimer

melting point and solubility of a carboxylic acid like ethanoic acid?

quite a high melting point.

quite high solubility in water

Give a complete and balanced equation for the reaction between methanoic acid (HCOOH) and sodium.

HCOOH+Na—> HCOONa+1/2H2

Give a complete and balanced equation for the reaction between methanoic acid (HCOOH) and sodium oxide.

2HCOOH+Na2O—→ 2HCOONa+H2O

Give a complete and balanced equation for the reaction between methanoic acid (HCOOH) and sodium carbonate (Na2​CO3​).

2HCOOH+Na2CO3—> 2HCOONa+H₂O+CO2

Carboxylic acids react with metals to form…

metal salts

hydrogen

Carboxylic acids react with metal oxides and hydroxides to form…

metal salts

water

Carboxylic acids react with metal carbonates to form…

metal salts

water

carbon dioxide

Draw the product from this reaction.

To convert a nitrile into a carboxylic acid, we need…

an acid.

water

What ion do we always produce when we convert a nitrile into a carboxylic acid?

NH₄⁺

What type of reaction is the conversion of a nitrile to a carboxylic acid?

hydrolysis reaction

Propanoic acid and sodium hydroxide react to form…

sodium propanoate and water

Carboxylic acids ionise to form…

carboxylate ions.

Heptanoic acid and potassium hydroxide react to form…

potassium heptanoate and water

This salt is called...

sodium ethanoate

Butanoic acid reacts with potassium carbonate to form…

Potassium butanoate, water and carbon dioxide.

Why do molecules act as acids when they have the carboxyl group, but not when they have separated alcohol and carbonyl groups?

This is because, in a carboxylate ion, the extra electron is shared over three atoms, making the ion more stable