Lecture Notes on Angiosperms and Flowering Plants

These flashcards cover the key concepts and vocabulary related to angiosperms and their biological characteristics as outlined in the lecture notes.

Angiosperms

Flowering plants belonging to the phylum Anthophyta.

Derived Traits of Angiosperms

Unique characteristics that separate flowering plants from other seed plants, including flowers, ovules inside ovaries, double fertilization, and seeds contained within fruits.

Double Fertilization

A process in which one sperm fertilizes the egg to form the zygote, while another sperm joins with two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm.

Calculating Seed Dispersal

The primary function of fruits is to aid in seed dispersal.

Pollination Types

Methods of pollination include bird, bee, wind, and moth pollinated flowers, each with specific adaptations like colors and scents.

Stamens

The male reproductive structure of a flower that produces pollen, consisting of filament and anther.

Carpels

The female reproductive part of the flower where ovules are produced; includes the stigma, style, and ovary.

Incomplete Flowers

Flowers that lack one or more of the four floral organs (sepals, petals, stamens, carpels).

Seed Structure

A mature seed consists of an embryo, food supply, and seed coat.

Fruit Types

Fruits can be classified as fleshy or dry, impacting their dispersal methods.

Evolution of Angiosperms

Angiosperms evolved and diversified significantly during the Cretaceous period, showing dominance over many plant groups.