MIS 250 Ch. 3 - Information and Communications Technologies: The Enterprise Architecture (Exam 2)

Which tech. components make up enterprise architecture?

Hardware, Software, Telecommunications

What is enterprise architecture?

A roadmap of an organizations current situation and where they should head to achieve its mission

What important features do hardware devices typically share?

1) they all process info using the same binary language (0s and 1s)
2) can be considered computers or computer components

What is a computer?

electronic device that can accept, manipulate, store, and output data and whose instructions can be programmed

What is the drawn out version of the 4 components of hardware?

input devices -> data storage (+processing unit) -> output devices

What role does human input play in input/output devices

Most devices rely on human capabilities
Ex. hands type on keyboard, each key press converted to different string combination of 0s and 1s

What is ASCII code

Backspace might send 00001000 and a Shift + s sends 01010011, for capital S.

What can ASCII code help explain

Why some countries adopted computing earlier than others did

What is a virtual personal assistant?

A conversational, computer generate character

Why hasn't speech overtaken typing?

1) longer words might be preferred to be typed
2) accents make it hard for word accuracy

What are optical scanners?

Electronic devices that captures texts or images, convert them to digital format

What is optimal character recognition software (OCR)?

Specialized software that can interpret actual letters and numbers on a page to create digital docu. that can be edited rather than a flat picture

What are radio frequency identification tags (RFID)?

Tech. on tag with processor, antenna, and battery to store info on tagged object's history

What is the brain of a computer?

The central processing unit (CPU)

What is the central processing unit (CPU)?

Handles information processing, calculations, and control tasks

What is a transistor?

Small electrical circuit made from a semiconductor material such as silicon

Who predicted that the number of transistors in a chip would double every two years?

Gordon Moore (Intel cofounder)

What is Moore's law?

Advances in processing speed, storage capabilities, cost, and other computer features would double every two years

What are storage capacities typically measured in?

Bytes

What is a random access memory (RAM)?

Computer's primary temporary storage unit that the CPU uses to execute instructions

What is in-memory-computing?

Use of primary storage as the main place information is stored rather than in secondary storage devices - applications that benefit from very high-speed, real-time access

Why might developers adopting to more in-memory-computing

Prices for primary storage drop and processor speeds increase

Software

Instructions for hardware to work together and direct hardware to carry out tasks

What is application software?

Supports a wide range of activities like word processing, business applications, and databases

What are the different components of software?

Application, System, and Hardware

What is system software?

Instructions for basic components of hardware - file management, disk storage, hardware interfaces, and integration with the application software

What categories do system softwares include?

1) Operational system software
2) Utilities

What is an operation system?

Software that controls all activities on a computer

What are examples of operation systems

Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Chrome OS

What are utilities systems?

Programs that perform tasks to help manage, tune, and protect hardware and software

What teams work together to create softwares?

Teams of programmers working with business analysts, end users, and other stakeholders

What are programming languages?

Artificial language used to write software which provides instruction for a computer on how to accept info, process it, and provide output

What are legacy systems?

Older IS that are still in use and would be costly to replace, they are vulnerable to failure

What is a source code?

Statements that a programmer writes in programming languages to create a functioning software program

What is object oriented programming?

Programming that focuses on objects rather than a lists of instructions and routines to manipulate data

What is a benefit of object-oriented programming?

modularity - an object can be independently maintained, reused, or replaced if it breaks down or causes problems

What are 4 ways to get a system software?

1) commercial-off-the-shelf
2) open sources software
3) software-as-a-service
4) self develop the software

What is commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) system software?

Ready to buy, install, and use

What is software-as-a-service (SaaS) system software?

Owned, hosted, and managed remotely by a vendor. Organizations pay subscription fees to access the software via the web
Ex. Shopify

What is open source software (OSS)?

Complies with free distribution, so people can access the source code and improve it, build upon it, or use in new programs

What is a network?

Group of interconnected devices (such as computers, phones, printers, or displays)

What are bits per second (bps)?

Measure of transmission speed

What is a bandwidth?

Maximum amount of information in bits per second that a particular channel can transmit

What is a bit?

Single zero or one, and a string of eight bits makes a byte

What are the three major wired medias?

1) twisted pair wire
2) coaxial cable
3) optical fiber

What are wavelengths?

Distance between one peak of the wave to the next, and frequency

What are hertz?

The number of cycles per second

What is local area network (LAN)?

Connects computers, printers, scanners, and other devices in a single building or home

What computer component accepts signals and converts them to a digital format that matches the​ signal's meaning?

The keyboard

What does a router do?

device connected to a computer network that emits signals from its antenna and enables wireless connectivity to the network

Data storage amounts are measured in?

1) petabytes
2) gigabytes
3) terabytes