A&PII exam 1 table talk

what is homeostasis

maintain stable, constant internal environment. living conditions - balancing the body

body temperature

how the nervous and endocrine systems are similar

• both use chemical signals

• joined by the hypothalamus

• both work to maintain homeostasis

how the nervous and endocrine systems are different

• nervous system works faster

• endocrine system has longer lasting effects

• chemical signals different (hormones in endocrine, neurotransmitters in nervous)

• nervous system goes directly to target

• endocrine system goes through the blood

how do water soluble and lipid soluble hormones differ in the way they interact with a target cell

lipid:

• transported through the blood as bound hormones

• bind to nuclear receptors

• nonpolar

water:

• transported by dissolved in blood as free hormones

• polar

• use second messenger systems

• use membrane-bound receptors

how do the nervous system and endocrine system differ in the way the modulate response

type of signaling in the body: autocrine , paracrine, neurotransmitter, hormone

autocrine: signals itself (replication of white blood cells, lymphocytes, immunne system)

paracrine: signals cells right next to it

neurotransmitter: goes through the synapse, nervous system

hormone: going through the blood

what are the three catergories of stimuli? give an example of each

humoral: changes in blood levels of ions/nutrients, detecting something in the blood

neural: nerve fibers stimulate hormone release

hormonal: one hormone triggers release of another,

what are the three patterns of secretion?

acute : Hormone is released suddenly in response to a stimulus

episodic: Hormone is released in a regular, repeating cycle (like pulses or rhythms)

chronic :Hormone levels remain relatively constant over long periods of time.

why do some hormones need a bingding protein to travel through our blood stream?

lipid- soluble, fats dont like mixing with water

how would our body change the number of membrane receptors for a hormone if the hormone signal was being sent too often?

down regulation - target tissue is probably going to prune back their receptors to stop reacting to the hormone

Give 1 example of negative feedback pathway

if stimulus is taking you away from homeostasis, and if the result of your action takes you back to midline (example would be blood pressure dropping)

Give 1 example of an antagonistic hormone interaction

insulin vs glucagon (insulin lowers, glucagon raises)

describe the anatomical location of the pituitary gland

inferior to the hypothalamus, deep and medial in the brain, sitting in a cella turcica, infundibulum connects to hypothalamus

give a general description of the HPX axis

a communication system for three types of organs- H : hypothalamus P: anterior pituitary X: gland

negative feedback regulates

releasing, tropic, hormone

give a detailed description of any HPX axis of your choosing

if a patient has their entire thyroid removed what hormone(s) would need to be replaced to maintain normal body function

T3, T4, calcitonin, parathyroid

why do some men who take anabolic steroids to build muscle develop gynecomastia (enlarged breasts in men?)

anabolic steroids is a synthetic version of testosterone, testosterone can be converted to estrogen (too much testosterone = more estrogen ), adding testosterone inhibits the gonadotropic-releasing hormones so your body stops making its own testosterone, will down regulate

describe the difference between the way the hypothalamus communicates with the posterior and anterior pituitary

the HP tract (direct neuron transporting) is for posterior, portal is for the anterior (releasing hormones through the blood)