Hemodynamics & Critical Care Nursing

Practice flashcards covering key concepts in hemodynamics and critical care nursing.

What does hemodynamics refer to?

Hemodynamics refers to blood flow, circulation, and perfusion.

What factors affect cardiac output (CO)?

Cardiac output is determined by stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR).

What is preload?

Preload is the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole.

What conditions increase preload?

Preload increases in hypervolemia, regurgitation of cardiac valves, and heart failure.

What is afterload?

Afterload is the resistance the left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood.

What conditions can cause increased afterload?

Increased afterload can occur in hypertension and vasoconstriction.

What is the normal range for Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?

Normal values for CVP are 3-8 mmHg.

What is the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) requirement for adequate organ perfusion?

A MAP of at least 65 mmHg is required for adequate organ perfusion.

What is hypovolemic shock?

Hypovolemic shock is characterized by decreased preload, low cardiac output, and high systemic vascular resistance.

What are common signs of cardiogenic shock?

Signs of cardiogenic shock include hypotension, pulmonary edema, jugular vein distention, and weak peripheral pulses.

What is an important nursing intervention for septic shock?

Aggressive fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, and early antibiotic therapy are crucial for management.

How does positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) affect cardiac output?

PEEP can reduce cardiac output by increasing intrathoracic pressure.

What should be monitored closely in patients with hemodynamic instability?

Vital signs, perfusion status, and urine output should be monitored closely.

What pharmacological agents are used to increase blood pressure?

Vasopressors such as norepinephrine, dopamine, and phenylephrine are used to increase blood pressure.

What nursing action ensures accurate arterial blood pressure readings?

The transducer should be positioned at the level of the phlebostatic axis.