cranium bone

What are the two main parts of the cranium?

The viscerocranium (facial skeleton) and the neurocranium (cranial cavity).

What does the viscerocranium form?

The orbits, nasal cavities, and oral cavity (facial skeleton).

What does the neurocranium house?

The brain, cranial meninges, blood vessels, and proximal cranial nerves.

How many bones make up the viscerocranium?

15 bones (3 unpaired + 6 paired).

Name the unpaired viscerocranial bones.

Mandible, ethmoid, and vomer.

Name the paired viscerocranial bones.

Maxillae, zygomatic, palatine, nasal, lacrimal, inferior nasal conchae.

What type of joint is between most facial bones?

Fibrous (immovable) joints — except the mandible, which uses a synovial joint.

Which joint connects the mandible and temporal bone?

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

How many bones make up the neurocranium?

8 bones (4 unpaired, 2 paired).

Name the unpaired neurocranial bones.

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital.

Name the paired neurocranial bones.

Temporal and parietal bones.

What are the two parts of the neurocranium?

Calvaria (skullcap) and cranial base.

What does the foramen magnum transmit?

The spinal cord, as it continues from the brainstem.

What bone forms the upper jaw?

The maxilla.

What passes through the infraorbital foramen?

The infraorbital nerve and vessels.

What do the zygomatic bones form?

The cheekbones and part of the lateral orbit wall.

What foramen is found on the zygomatic bone?

The zygomaticofacial foramen.

What are the parts of the mandible?

Body, ramus, coronoid process, condyloid process, mandibular notch, mental foramen, alveolar process.

What passes through the mental foramen?

The mental nerve and vessels.

What bone forms the forehead?

The frontal bone.

What landmark is found between the orbits on the frontal bone?

The glabella.

What bone forms the medial wall of the orbit and part of the nasal cavity and septum?

The ethmoid bone.

What parts make up the temporal bone?

Squamous, tympanic, mastoid, and petrous parts.

What bone forms the zygomatic arch with the temporal process?

The zygomatic bone (via its temporal process).

What bones make up the calvaria?

Squamous frontal bone, both parietal bones, and squamous occipital bone.

What are the 3 main sutures of the calvaria?

Coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures.

What point is formed where the sagittal and coronal sutures meet?

Bregma.

What point is formed where the sagittal and lambdoid sutures meet?

Lambda.

What is the most superior point of the calvaria called?

The vertex.

What is the H-shaped junction on the lateral skull called?

The pterion.