#4 Antecedents + Reinforcement/Punishment + Functions

What does ABC stand for?

Antecedent → Behavior → Consequence

What is an antecedent?

Something occurring before behavior.

What is a consequence?

Something occurring after behavior.

Easy ABC rule?

Before → behavior → after

What are 3 important antecedents?

Motivating Operation (MO), Discriminative Stimulus (SD), and Prompts.

What is a motivating operation (MO)?

Internal or environmental state that changes the value of a consequence and likelihood of behavior (“the want”).

What is deprivation?

Lack of something makes it temporarily more valuable.

What is satiation?

Having a lot of something makes it temporarily less valuable.

What is an Discriminative Stimulus (SD)?

Stimulus signaling that reinforcement is available if a behavior is performed (“the opportunity”).

What is a prompt?

Temporary or supplementary hints/physical assistance helping a person perform a behavior either alongside or after (“the help”).

What is a cue?

A natural signal or environmental trigger that reminds a person to perform a skill without extra adult help.

Why should prompts be faded?

To avoid prompt dependency.

What is history of reinforcement?

Past consequences that affect current behavior.

What does reinforcement do?

Increases future behavior.

What does punishment do?

Decreases future behavior.

Positive Reinforcement

Add something → behavior increases

Negative Reinforcement

Remove something → behavior increases

Positive punishment

Add something → behavior decreases

Negative punishment

Remove something → behavior decreases

Is negative reinforcement punishment?

No. It increases behavior.

What is extinction?

Previously available reinforcement stops, so behavior decreases over time.

What is an extinction burst?

Temporary increase in behavior when extinction first begins.

What are the 4 common functions?

Escape, Attention, Tangible, Sensory — EATS.

What is escape?

Behavior helps avoid/end something unpleasant.

What is attention?

Behavior produces social interaction.

What is tangible?

Behavior produces access to an item/activity.

What is sensory?

Behavior produces sensory stimulation.

What is socially mediated reinforcement?

Another person provides the consequence so the behavior is more likely to happen again.

What is automatic reinforcement?

Reinforcement occurs without another person.