Unit 2 AP Human Geography

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key unit 2 population and migration-related terms and concepts.

Antinatalist Policies

Policies aimed to decrease the fertility rate of a given place.

Asylum Seeker

Someone who has migrated to another country with the hope of being recognized as a refugee.

Baby Boom

A spike in birth rates typically following a period of war.

Birth Deficit

A slowdown of births to a rate below the replacement level.

Brain Drain

The large-scale emigration of highly educated or skilled workers from a place.

Carrying Capacity

The largest number of people an environment can support.

Census

A survey that counts the population of a state, nation, or geographic region.

Chain Migration

Migration where individuals follow the path of preceding friends or family.

Crude Birth Rate

The number of live births per year for every 1000 people.

Crude Death Rate

The number of deaths per year for every 1000 people.

Demographic Transition Model

A model explaining the stages of population change as countries modernize.

Dependency Ratio

The percentage of people too young or old to work who rely on working adults.

Doubling Time

Measurement of how long a country will take to double its population.

Epidemiological Transition Model

A model of predictable stages in disease and life expectancy development.

Forced Migration

Migration where people relocate under threat of violence or disaster.

Guest Worker

A person with temporary permission to work in another country.

Immigration Quota

A limit on the number of people who can immigrate from a particular place.

Infant Mortality Rate

The number of babies who die before their first birthday per 1000 births.

Internally Displaced Persons

People forced to migrate but do not cross international borders.

Internal Migration

The permanent or semipermanent movement of individuals within a country.

Intervening Obstacle

Barriers that make it difficult for migrants to reach their destination.

Intervening Opportunity

Factors that cause a migrant to choose a different destination.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years a person can be expected to live.

Malthusian Theory

The theory that population is increasing faster than food production.

Migration

The permanent or semipermanent relocation of people from one place to another.

Natural Increase Rate

The difference between the crude birth rate and crude death rate.

Neo-Malthusians

People who adopt Malthus' ideas and believe overpopulation is a threat.

One Child Policy

Antinatalist policies incentivizing families in China to have only one child.

Population Density

The number of people living in a defined area.

Population Distribution

The pattern of where people live, described as clustered or dispersed.

Population Pyramid

Graphs that display age-sex composition and provide demographic information.

Pronatalist Policies

Policies aimed to increase the fertility rate of a given area.

Pull Factor

Positive conditions that draw people to choose a destination when migrating.

Push Factor

Negative conditions making someone want to leave their current location.

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

Laws outlining various trends observed in migration patterns.

Refugee

A person forced to migrate to avoid armed conflict or persecution.

Remittances

Money that migrants send back to their families in their home countries.

Step Migration

A process in which migrants reach their destination through smaller moves.

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of children born per woman aged 15-49.

Transhumance

Seasonal migration made by pastoral herders with their animals.

Transnational Migration

The movement of individuals between countries.

Voluntary Migration

Migration done by choice, often for quality of life improvements.