Bio Lesson 2 Review

Monomers

smaller units used to build polymers

polymers

molecules composed of many monomers

carbohydrates

compounds made up of carbon(C), hydrogen(H), oxygen(O) atoms

lipids

larger group of bio molecules that are generally insoluable

nucleotide

monomers that consist of 3 components: carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen

nucleic acids

polymers of nucleotides

protiens

polymers of molecules of amino acids

Lipids

Mostly made from fatty acids and glycerol.

Energy

Stored in mammals preparing for winter.

Organic chemistry

The study of carbon-containing compounds.

Common buffers

Bicarbonate buffer system and Phosphate buffer system.

Electrons in carbon

Carbon (C) has 4 electrons in its outer shell.

Elements that bond with carbon

Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Sulfur (S), Phosphorus (P).

Mono and Poly

The prefix 'mono' means one; the prefix 'poly' means many.

Macromolecules

Large organic molecules found in living things.

Purpose of starch in plants

Energy storage.

Monomers of nucleic acid

Nucleotides.

Peptide bonds

Covalent bonds that link amino acids together to form a polypeptide (or protein).

Parts of a nucleotide

A five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Major types of biomolecules

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids.

Analyzing DNA

To understand genetic information and heredity.

DNA information

Stores and transmits genetic information (or hereditary information).

Dehydration synthesis

The process in which larger compounds are built by joining smaller compounds together.

Carbon chains

Carbon's ability to form four stable covalent bonds with other carbon atoms (catenation) makes it possible for carbon atoms to build chains that are almost unlimited in length.

Elements in proteins

Proteins contain nitrogen (N) and 3 other elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O).

polymerization

joining monomers to form a polymer

simple sugars

simplest forms of carbohydrates; monosaccharides

complex carbohydrates

chains of sugar molecules that are linked together

amino acids

building blocks of proteins