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Frequency (f)
The number of complete wave cycles that pass a fixed point in a unit of time, measured in Hertz (Hz).
Wavelength (λ)
The distance between two consecutive points that are in phase on a wave, such as crest to crest or trough to trough, measured in meters (m).
Period (T)
The time taken for one complete wave cycle to pass a given point, measured in seconds (s).
Wave Speed (v)
The rate at which a wave travels through the medium, measured in meters per second (m/s).
Amplitude (A)
The maximum displacement of points on a wave from their rest position, indicating energy level, measured in meters.
Transverse Wave
A wave where the particles in the medium move perpendicularly to the direction of the wave propagation.
Longitudinal Wave
A wave where the particles in the medium move parallel to the direction of the wave propagation.
Compression
An area in a longitudinal wave where particles are pushed together, resulting in higher pressure.
Rarefaction
An area in a longitudinal wave where particles are spread apart, resulting in lower pressure.
The relationship between amplitude and volume
Volume is related to the amplitude of a sound wave; larger amplitudes correspond to louder sounds.
The relationship between pitch and frequency
Pitch is related to frequency; higher frequencies correspond to higher pitches, and frequency is inversely related to wavelength.
Formula for speed of a wave
v = fλ, where v is wave speed, f is frequency, and λ is wavelength.
Relationship between frequency and period
Frequency (f) is the reciprocal of period (T); f = 1/T and T = 1/f.
Medium
The matter that waves travel through; sound cannot travel through a vacuum.
Characteristics of sound
Sound can be described by loudness (amplitude) and pitch (frequency).
How sound travels
Sound travels as a longitudinal wave where particles vibrate in the same direction as the wave.
Note 
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