Gastro Week 1

eden

Which nerve is the #1 parasympathetic nerve in the body, including the GI system?

vagus nerve

Alimentary canal structures

1. serosa/visceral peritoneum

2. muscularis externa

3. submucosa

4. mucosa

Muscularis externa consists of?

1. longitudinal muscle

2. myenteric/Auerbach's nerve plexus

3. circular muscle

What is the purpose of the myenteric nerve plexus?

2nd degree peristalsis when first degree doesn't work

Submucosa consists of?

1. arteries and lymph

2. Meissner's/submucosal nerve plexus

(comprised of loose to dense irregular CT)

Mucosa consists of?

1. muscularis mucosa

2. lamina propria/mucosa

3. epithelium

4. mucosal gland

What type of epithelium is present in the anus and esophagus?

stratified squamous

What type of epithelium is present in the rest of the body?

columnar epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium comprises which location(s) in the body?

the anus and esophagus

Aka for the transportation phase?

pharyngeal phase

What structure makes a slit to prevent a large bolus from passing through?

palatopharyngeal fold

The palatopharyngeal fold does what?

It makes a slit to prevent a large bolus from passing through

What structure swings backwards over the opening of the larynx?

epiglottis

The epiglottis does what?

it swings backwards over the opening of the larynx

What brain centers control swallowing?

the medulla and pons

Which cranial nerves control the afferent part of the pharyngeal/transportation phase?

CNs V, IX, and X

CNs V, IX, and X control what?

the afferent part of the pharyngeal/transportation phase

Which cranial nerves control the efferent part of the pharyngeal/transportation phase?

CNs V, VII, IX, X, and XII

CNs V, VII, IX, X, and XII control what?

the efferent part of the pharyngeal/transportation phase

Esophageal stage

primary peristalsis (myenteric/Auerbach's nerve plexus activates secondary peristalsis)

Stomach transports the bolus via?

pyloric pump and peristalsis

Intestines transport the bolus via?

segmentation and peristalsis (small intestine), haustration and peristalsis (large intestines)

Amylase

starch breakdown

Lipase

starch breakdown, secreted by circumvallate papillae on Ebner's gland

Lysozyme

bacteria killing

Parotid gland aka the

Stenson duct

Stenson duct aka the

Parotid gland

Parotid gland/Stenson duct location and secretions

vestibule next to the 2nd quarter,

only serous,

majority of saliva produced here

Submandibular gland aka

Wharton duct

Wharton duct aka

submandibular gland

Submandibular gland/Wharton duct secretions

more serous than mucous,

empties into the lingual frenulum

Sublingual gland

more mucous than serous,

10-12 ducts open into the floor of the mouth

Ebner's gland aka

gustatory duct

Gustatory duct aka

Ebner's gland

Ebner's gland secretions

only serous,

lipase from the circumvallate papillae

Parotid gland/Stenson duct pathway

tongue > CN IX (sensory) > tractus solitaris > sup. & inf. salvitory nuclei > CN IX (motor) > otic ganglion > parotid duct

Submandibular/Wharton duct and sublingual pathway

tongue > CN VII (sensory) > tractus solitaris > sup. & inf. salvitory nuclei > CN XII (motor) > submandibular ganglion > submandibular and sublingual glands

Deciduous teeth aka

baby or milk teeth

Permanent teeth aka

adult teeth

Deciduous/baby/milk teeth

6mo-2yrs,

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars,

total 20 teeth

Permanent/adult teeth

6yrs-21yrs,

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars,

total 32 teeth

Enamel

surface of the tooth,

hardest surface in the body,

96% hydroxyapetite,

calcium and phosphate

Dentin

makes up majority of the tooth,

50% hydroxyapetite,

yellow color

Cementum

cements tooth to peridontal ligament

Cavities

caused by dental plaque caused by sugars

Xerostomia

dry mouth,

caused by mumps, medications, sjorgen's syndrome, sarcoidosis

Leukoplakia aka

hyperkeratosis

Hyperkeratosis aka

leukoplakia

Leukoplakia/hyperkeratosis

white patches on mucous membranes

Erythroplakia

red patches and flat erosions on the floor of the mouth, tongue, or soft palate,

associated with dysplasia,

is pre-cancerous