Medical Terminology 101 Final

clasia

to surgically break

emesis

vomiting

iasis

abnormal condition

ic

pertaining to

ism

condition

poiesis

formation

sarcoma

cancer of connective tissue.

EX: osteosarcoma- cancerous tumor of the bone

stenosis

narrowing

stomy

creation of opening

CABG

coronary artery bypass graft

FBS

fasting blood sugar

IVC

inferior vena cava (carrying blood from the lower body)

PKD

polycystic kidney disease

SVC

superior vena cava (carrying blood from the head, arms, and upper body)

TIA

transient ischemic attack

bronchiol/o

bronchiole (a tiny branch of air tubes in the lungs

balan/o

penis

carcin

cancer

bronch/o

bronchus (a large air tube that begins at the end of the trachea and branches into the lungs)

chole/o

bile (a bitter, alkaline, brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow fluid that is secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder)

coagul/o

clotting

colp/o

vagina

dips/o

thirst

ellipt/o

oval

embol/o

plug, blockage

episi/o

vulva (external genital organs of a female)

fasci/o

fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together)

glomerul/o

glomerulus (little balls of blood vessels inside the kidney)

gluc/o

sugar 1

glyc/o

sugar 2

gonad/o

gonads (sex organs)

gyn/o

woman, female 1

gynec/o

woman, female 2

jejun/o

jejunum (second of the small intestine's three sections)

kal/o

potassium

lact/o

milk

lapra/o

abdominal wall

laryng/o

larynx (voice box)

mamm/o

breast 1

mast/o

breast 2

metr/o

uterus

natr/o

sodium

odont/o

tooth

olig/o

little, few

palat/o

palate (roof of the mouth)

peritone/o

peritoneum (membrane that lines the inside of your abdomen and pelvis)

pneum/o

air

pneumat/o

air, lungs

proct/o

anus and rectum

pyel/o

pelivis

ren/o

kidney

reticul/o

network

rhin/o

nose

salping/o

eustachian tube (connect middle ear to throat)

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon (end of the colon before the rectum begins)

thorac/o

chest

thromb/o

clot

trache/o

trachea, windpipe

vesic/o

bladder

ven/o

vein

adrenal insufficiency

Adrenal glands don’t make enough hormones.
Example: Feeling tired and weak because your body isn’t making enough cortisol.

antibody

Protein that fights germs.
Example: After a vaccine, your body makes antibodies to protect you.

anticoagulant

drug that prevents the coagulation of blood

Example: Someone with a heart condition may take blood thinners like warfarin.

antigen

Something the body sees as foreign and attacks.
Example: Bacteria, viruses, or even pollen can be antigens.

Ascites

Fluid buildup in the abdomen.
Example: A swollen belly due to liver disease.

Bulla

Large blister.
Example: A big blister forming after a severe burn.

Catatonia

Person becomes very still and unresponsive.
Example: A person sits silent and motionless for long periods.

Chambers of the heart

• Right atrium: receives blood from body

• Right ventricle: sends blood to lungs

• Left atrium: receives blood from lungs

• Left ventricle: pumps blood to the body
  Example: The left ventricle pushes blood out with each heartbeat.

Coronal plane

Divides body into front and back.
Example: Cutting a loaf of bread into front and back halves.

Diabetes mellitus

High blood sugar levels.
Example: Needing insulin because sugar stays high.

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Dangerous acid buildup in the blood.
Example: A diabetic person becomes very sick from extremely high sugar.

Dyslexia

Reading disorder.
Example: Mixing up letters while reading.

Ecchymosis

Large bruise.
Example: Purple bruise after bumping your leg

Enuresis

Bedwetting.
Example: A child wetting the bed at night.

Types of anesthetics

• General: puts you fully asleep

  • Example: Surgery where you’re unconscious.

• Local: numbs a small area

  • Example: Dentist numbing the gum.

• Regional: numbs a big area

  • Example: Epidural for childbirth.

• Topical: applied to the skin

  • Example: Numbing cream before a shot.

Hematocrit

Percentage of red blood cells.
Example: A low hematocrit may mean anemia.

Hemorrhage

Heavy bleeding.
Example: Severe blood loss after an accident.

Hemostatic

Stops bleeding.
Example: Powder or bandage that helps blood clot faster.

Idiopathic

Cause unknown.
Example: A cough that doctors can’t find a reason for.

Incontinence

Loss of bladder or bowel control.
Example: Pee leaking when coughing or laughing.

Lateral

Toward the side.
Example: Ears are lateral to the nose.

Macule

Flat skin spot.
Example: A freckle.

Medial

Toward the middle.
Example: The nose is medial to the eyes.

Menarche

First menstrual period.
Example: A girl having her first cycle at age 12.

Nystagmus

Fast, uncontrolled eye movements.
Example: Eyes shaking back and forth when looking sideways.

Occlusion

Blockage.
Example: A blood clot blocking an artery.

Papule

Small raised bump.
Example: A small pimple.

Petechia

Tiny red/purple spots under the skin.
Example: Small dots from broken capillaries after coughing hard.

Prone

Lying face down.
Example: Patient lying stomach-down for a back exam.

Reflux

Backward flow.
Example: Stomach acid coming back up (heartburn).

Sagittal plane

Divides body into left and right.
Example: Cutting a body straight down the middle.

Sphygmomanometer

Blood pressure cuff.
Example: The cuff a nurse inflates on your arm.

Splenectopy

Spleen is not in its normal place.
Example: The spleen moves lower after injury.

Stroke (types)

• Ischemic: clot blocks blood flow

  • Example: A clot stops oxygen to the brain.

• Hemorrhagic: bleeding in the brain

  • Example: Burst blood vessel causing bleeding.

Supine

Lying face up.
Example: Lying on your back during an exam.

Thelarche

Beginning of breast development.
Example: Early puberty change in girls.

Thrombolytic

Clot-dissolving drug.
Example: Medicine used during a stroke to break the clot.

Thrombus

Blood clot.
Example: A clot forming in a leg vein.

Transverse plane

Divides body into upper and lower sections.
Example: Cutting the body at the waist.

Vesicle

Small blister with fluid.
Example: A tiny blister from chickenpox.