ap gov unit 3 congress vocab

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29 Terms

1

Congressional caucuses

A group of members of Congress sharing some interest or characteristic.

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2

Descriptive representation

Congressmen/women representing their constituents by mirroring their personal and political characteristics.

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3

Substantive representation

Congressmen/women representing the interests of groups.

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4

Seniority system

Simple rule for selecting committee chair; longest-serving member from the controlling party became chair, effective until 1970s.

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5

Oversight

Congress’s monitoring of the bureaucracy and its administration of policy.

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6

Whips

Party leaders who work with majority or minority leaders to count votes and influence wavering members.

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7

Minority leader

Leads the minority party in the House of Representatives or Senate.

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8

Credit claiming

Claiming increased spending in states or helping constituents to enhance reelection prospects.

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9

Committee chairs

Elected by committee members to provide leadership for committee activities.

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10

Conference committees

Committee that works out compromise between differing House and Senate versions of a bill.

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11

Standing committees

Permanent congressional committees that handle legislation.

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12

Joint committees

Committees on a few subject matter areas with membership drawn from both houses.

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13

Select committees

Congressional committees appointed for a specific purpose.

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14

Speaker of the House

An Office mandated by the Constitution chosen by the majority party in the House.

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15

Filibuster

A strategy unique to the Senate whereby opponents try to talk a bill to death.

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16

Cloture

To stop a filibuster; requires sixty senators.

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17

Majority leader

Principal partisan ally of the Speaker of the House.

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18

Bicameral legislature

A legislature divided into two houses, with Nebraska as the only exception.

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19

House Rules Committee

An institution unique to the House that reviews all bills before they go to the full House.

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20

Casework

Activities of members of Congress that help their constituents as individuals.

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21

Pork barrel

List of federal projects and contracts available in a congressional district, often with excessive spending.

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22

Incumbents

Those elected officials already holding office.

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23

House of Representatives

Four times larger than Senate; 435 Members; more institutionalized and the voice of the people.

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24

Senate

Less disciplined; protects elite interests; consists of 100 members.

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25

Bill

Proposed law, drafted in legal language.

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26

Lobbying

Communication by someone other than a citizen directed to a decision maker to influence decisions.

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27

Gerrymandering

Redrawing district lines to favor one party at the expense of the other.

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28

Constituent

A person who authorizes another to act on their behalf as a voter in a district.

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29

Marked-up bill

Bills debated and amended in Congressional committees or subcommittees.

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