Anglais L3 s1

Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

→ States were not bound by BOR

Slaughterhouse Cases (1872)

→ Narrow reading of the 14thA.

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

→ Legalized segregation until 1954.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

→ Overturned Plessy, ending legal segregation.

Gitlow v. New York (1925)

→ Beginning of the “incorporation doctrine.”

Palko v. Connecticut (1937)

→ Only essential rights apply to states.

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

→ 4thA protection via the 14thA.

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

→ Incorporated the 6thA right to an attorney.

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

→ Created “Miranda warnings.”

Loving v. Virginia (1967)

→ Affirmed right to marry freely.

Roe v. Wade (1973)

→ Protected reproductive freedom

Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health (2022)

→ Returned abortion regulation to the states.

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

→ Guaranteed marriage equality.

National Socialist Party v. Village of Skokie (1977)

→ Protects even hateful speech.

Texas v. Johnson (1989)

→ Government cannot ban expression for being offensive. (flag burning)

Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

→ Extended free speech to corporate political spending.

Snyder v. Phelps (2011)

→ Safeguarded public speech on matters of concern.

Matal v. Tam (2017)

→ Bans on “disparaging speech” violate free speech.

Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L. (2021)

→ Limited schools’ control over off-campus speech.

Everson v. Board of Education (1947)

→ Applied Establishment Clause to states; allowed indirect aid

Zorach v. Clauson (1951)

→ Permitted accommodation of religion.

Marsh v. Chambers (1983)

→ Tradition justifies limited religious expression.

American Legion v. American Humanist Assn. (2019)

→ Historic religious symbols can stay.

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

→ Banned state-sponsored prayer.

Lee v. Weisman (1992)

→ Prohibited indirect religious coercion.

Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000)

→ No organized prayer in public schools.

Kennedy v. Bremerton School District (2022)

→ Strengthened personal religious expression.

Reynolds v. United States (1879)

→ Belief protected, but not illegal conduct (polygamy)

Employment Division v. Smith (1990)

→ Limited Free Exercise protection.

Religious Freedom Restoration Act (1993)

→ Strengthened federal protection of religion.

City of Boerne v. Flores (1997)

→ Limited Congress’s power over state religious laws.

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

→ Police must advise suspects of rights before interrogation.

Terry v. Ohio (1968)

→ Police can stop and frisk with reasonable suspicion.

Missouri v. Frye (2012)

→ Defense lawyers must inform clients about plea offers.