Cancer Cell Biology Exam 1
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24 Terms
What is cancer?
Monoclonal in nature.
Carcinogenesis
The process in which cancer develops.
Carcinomas
Cancer arising from epithelial cells.
Squamous cell carcinomas
Tumors that arise from epithelial cells that form protective layers.
Adenocarcinomas
Tumors that arise from specialized cells within the epithelia that secrete products into the ducts or cavities that they line. This can occur in the lungs, uterus, and the cervix.
Sarcomas
Tumors derived from mesenchymal tissues. These include connective tissue, fibroblasts, and adipocytes.
Hematopoietic tissue
Leukemias and lymphomas
Tumors derived from blood forming cells and lymphocytes.
Neuroectodermal tumors
Found on various components of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Retinoblastoma
Derived from the stem cells of the retina.
Glioblastoma
Derived from the stem cells of the glia.
Neuroblastoma
Derived from neuron stem cells.
Anaplastic
Cancer cells that appear normal but present in large numbers (hyperplastic growths). They divide rapidly.
Dysplasia
The presence of abdominal cells within a tissue or organ.
Adenoma, polyps, papillomas, warts
Found in the epithelium and can be identified by the naked eye. They grow to a certain size and then stop.
Mutagenesis
A permanent alteration of the genetic material (DNA) of the cell and is heritable by the daughter cell.
Germinal mutation
Damage to the DNA of the ova or sperm and can be passed to future generations.
Somatic mutation
Damage to DNA in non-germ cells and cannot be passed on to future generations. But it is passed on to daughter cells.
Mutagens
Chemical and physical agents capable of producing mutations (radiation, chemotherapeutic agents, many carcinogens, etc.)
How does a normal cell become cancerous?
Damage done to DNA.
Which sex gets colon cancer more?
Men.
At what age does colon cancer rates dramatically increase?
50.
Cancer susceptibility factors>
Age, environment, and genetic makeup.
What percent of cancers are environmentally induced?
35-80%