B-cells mature where?
Bone marrow
T-cells are produced in:
Thymus
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B-cells mature where?
Bone marrow
T-cells are produced in:
Thymus
Prozone
too much antibody
Lymphocytes
T and B cells, adaptive immunity
affinity
antibody and antigen single strength
avidity
combination strength
long-lasting antibody
IgG
1st seen antibody, pintomer
IgM
IgM to IgG
class switching
MHC 2- suppressor and T-cell helpers
CD4
MHC 1- cytotoxic
CD8
antigen presenting cells
Dendritic cells
Fab
antigen binding
Fc
Antibody binding (epitope)
Fx of antibodies
opsonization, neutralize, active complement
Humoral immunity
insoluble (abs, compl., Cytokines)
Cellular immunity
T-cells, B-cells, neutrophils
Active immunity
Ab against ag, long lasting
Natural- having Hep B and recovering
Artificial- getting Hep B vaccine
Passive immunity
Ab delivered to host, short acting
Natural- mother to child through nursing
Artificial- immunoglobulin shot to prevent rabies virus
Precipitation
2 soluble - insoluble
Ag+ Ab = Clumps. arcs
Agglutination
latex RBC's, hemaglutination
RPR
flocculation
Single diffusion
ab/ag diffuse
double diffusion
Ag and ab diffuse, Duchterlony
Nephlometry
light scatter, measure at an angle
EIA
enzyme immunoassay
substrate- color change
Primary response
IgM, low IgG, short acting, long lag
Secondary (amnestic)
IgG, long lasting, shorter lag
Specific
false positive
Sensitive
false negatives
IgA
tears, mucosal tissues, saliva, dimer
IgD
cord blood, unknown
IgE
allergies responses, parasitic infections, sensitize/ activate mast cells
IgG
Protects newborns, most common, activates complement/ opsonization
IgM
1st antibody produced, pentamer, acute immune response
MHC II- CD4 T cells
Helper T cells
MHC I- CD8 T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Antibody structure
2 Fab regions (bind to ag) and
1 Fc region (ab binds- epitope)
Hypersensitivity reaction; Type 1
Allergic reactions, IgE
Hypersensitivity reaction; Type 2
Cytotoxic, IgG/ IgM
Hypersensitivity reaction; Type 3
Immune complex reactions, IgG/ IgM, AGN and glomerulonephritis
Hypersensitivity reactions; Type 4
Cell mediated, T-cells