Paleolithic Era and Archaeological Methods

Practice flashcards reviewing human origins, hunter-gatherer lifeways, and archaeological evidence from Part 1 of the guided notes.

When and where did anatomically modern Homo sapiens emerge?

In East Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago.

Where did anatomically modern Homo sapiens eventually migrate after emerging in East Africa?

Across Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas.

What were the small, nomadic hunter-gatherer groups called?

Clans.

What types of simple stone tools were developed by hunter-gatherers?

Hand axes, scrapers, and spears and harpoons.

What benefits were provided by mastering the use of fire during the Paleolithic Era?

Warmth, protection from predators, cooking, and social bonding.

How did early hunter-gatherers express their culture?

Through early oral language and cave paintings.

Where were famous early cave paintings discovered in France?

Lascaux.

What are artifacts?

Man-made objects made or modified by human beings.

What are fossils?

Preserved organic remains of ancient plant or animal life.

What method do scientists use to determine the precise scientific age of organic material?

Carbon dating (for organic material up to tens of thousands of years old).

Which key paleoanthropological site in Tanzania revealed critical early hominid tool discoveries?

Olduvai Gorge.