reproduction in plants

what is A?

stigma

• where pollen grains land and germinate

what is B?

style

• acts as a tube structure that connects the pollen receiver to the ovary

what is C?

ovary

• contains the egg cells and prepares for fertilization

what is D?

carpel

• acts as the female reproductive organ

what is E?

anther

• holds and protects the pollen grains

what is F?

filament

• supports and holds the anther up

what is G?

stamen

• acts as the male reproductive organ

what is H?

petal

• contains scent and attractive color that attracts insects to them

what is I?

embryo sac

• where the eggs are stored before fertilization occurs

what is J?

sepal

• protects the flowering bud from damage until its ready to bloom

what is A?

antipodals

• provides nutrient to the developing embryo

what is B?

polar nuclei (n)

• contributes to the formation of the endosperm

what is C?

synergids

• directs the pollen tube towards the egg cell

what is D?

egg cell

• where it is fertilized with the sperm cells

what is E?

micropyle

• where pollen tube enters in to deliver the male gamete (sperm) for fertilization

why are pollinators important to plant reproduction and what structures have plants evolved to attract pollinators?

plants have brightly colored petals that pollinators can see in both visible and UV light and flowers have nectaries and pollen grains that are both high in caloric content for pollinators

what is a sporophyte

an adult plant that produces tiny cells called spores through meiosis

what is a gametophytes?

spores grow into new and developed plants called gametophytes and this occurs during mitosis where sperm and eggs cells are produced

what role does gametophytes and sporophytes play in alteration of generations?

the gametophytes develops from a spore and produces gametes which fuse to form a zygote that grows into a sporophyte continuing the life cycle of plants

what is the plant equivalent of parthenogenesis (in animals)

apomixis

• plants make an exact copy of itself through its own seed

how similar are the offspring when produced through apomixis

they are genetically identical

if a hermophoditic plant fertilizes itself, are the offspring identical or different?

the offspring will not be identical, instead it will be different to the variety of different genetic variations that can be passed down to the offspring

what is double fertilization?

two sperm cells from a pollen grain fuse with two different female gametes within the ovule

what cells are fertilized during double fertilization?

the egg cell is fertilized by one sperm cell to form the embryo, while the central cell is fertilized by another sperm cell to form the endosperm

which cell develops into a zygote and then the embryo?

egg cell

what is the endosperm?

tissue that surronds and nourishing the developing embryo inside a seed

how does fruit play a role in seed dispersal

provides a protective casing for seeds, with bright colors and sweetness that attracts animals to eat them

seed germination cycle

step one: resting stage

• the seed is dormant (inactive) protected by its seed coat and contains the embryo (baby plant) and stored food

step two: right conditions

• when the seed gets water, oxygen and the right temperature it “wakes up” and starts germinating

step three: sprouting (germination)

• seeds absorbs water and swells, the seed coat breaks open, the root (radicle) grows down into the soil to absorb water and nutrients, the shoot (plumule) grows upward to reach sunlight

step four: new plant grows 

• the seedling develops leaves and begins photosynthesis making its own food and growing into a mature plant

what is meristem

consists of undifferentiated cells that are comparable to stem cells that divide when conditions permit