Drug Study: Gentamicin and Others

Flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to drug studies, focusing on Gentamicin, Morphine, and others.

Gentamicin

An antibiotic used to treat various infections caused by gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria.

Aminoglycosides

A class of antibiotics to which Gentamicin belongs, effective against aerobic gram-negative bacteria.

Pregnancy Category D

Classification indicating potential risk to the fetus; drugs in this category may cause harm.

Bactericidal

Refers to substances that kill bacteria.

Hypersensitivity

An exaggerated immune response to a substance, which can lead to allergic reactions.

Nephrotoxicity

Toxicity that affects the kidneys, often as a side effect of medications such as Gentamicin.

Ototoxicity

Ear poisoning that can result in hearing loss or balance issues, often seen with drugs like Gentamicin.

Mechanism of Action

How a drug works; for Gentamicin, it interferes with bacterial protein synthesis.

Serum BUN

Blood urea nitrogen; a lab level that can increase due to nephrotoxic drugs.

Dopamine Antagonist

A type of drug that blocks dopamine receptors, relevant for medications such as Metoclopramide.

NSAID

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a category including Mefenamic Acid and Ketorolac, used to relieve pain and inflammation.

Galactagogue

A substance that promotes lactation in nursing mothers, exemplified by Malunggay.

Extrapyramidal Symptoms

Drug-induced movement disorders, can occur with medications like Metoclopramide.

CYP450 Enzymes

A group of enzymes involved in drug metabolism that can affect drug efficacy and toxicity.

Tachycardia

An abnormally rapid heart rate, which can be an adverse effect of opioids like Morphine.

Serotonin Syndrome

A potentially life-threatening condition caused by excessive serotonergic activity in the brain, may occur with Tramadol.

GI Bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding, a potential serious side effect of NSAIDs and other medications.

Prostaglandin Synthesis

A process inhibited by NSAIDs like Mefenamic Acid, leading to anti-inflammatory effects.