Liberalism

Foundational equality

Rights that all humans have by virtue of being born which cannot be taken away

Formal equality

The idea that all individuals have the same legal and political rights in society

Equality of opportunity

The idea that all individuals should have equal chances in life to rise and fall.

Social contract

The idea that the state is set up with agreement from the people to respect its laws which serve to protect them

Mertiocracy

A society organized on the basis that success is based on ability and hard work

Mechanistic theory

The idea that the state was created by ‘man’ to serve the people and act in their interest

Tolerance

A willigness to respect values customs and beliefs with which once disagrees

Limited government

A role of government is limited by checks and balances and a separation of powers because of the corrupting nature of power

Egotistical individualism

The idea that individual freedom is associated with self- interest and self-reliance

Developmental individualism

The idea that individual freedom is linked to human flourishing

Negative freedom

The absence of external constraints in society as well as no interference in the private sphere

Positive freedom

The idea that freedom is about personal fulfilment and realization of potential

Lassiez- faire capitaism

An economic system organised by the market where goods are produced for exchange and profit wealth is privately owned

Keynesian

An economic system that requires government involvement to stimulate the economy to achieve full employment and price stabilit

Harm principle

The idea that individuals should be free to do anything except harm other individuals

Minimal state

The idea that the role of the state must be restricted in order to preserve individual liberty

Enabling state

A larger state that helps individuals to achieve their potential and be free

When did Liberlaism emerge?

17th century as part of the enlightenment contributed to the Glorious Revolution

Who was important to early liberalism?

Locke

What were Lockes ideas? X3

In the state of nature that were natural rights and freedoms and the state is a threat to this and should be limited

The state should be a social contract

Promoted religious tolerance

What was Mary Wollstone Craft Ideas? X2

Argued for formal equality under the law and equal rights for women based upon this

Women should be treated as rational individuals

What is an example of Classical Liberalism applied in real life?

The American revolution

Individual Rights

Role of Law

How and why did Classical Liberalism develop in the late 18th and 19th century? X3

Economic changed forcing liberalism to evolve

Industrial revolution

Push for broader suffrage

What did Samuel Smiles advocate for?

Self Help

Personal Responsibility

What did Hebert Spencer link society to?

Social Darwinism and people look after themselves

What was Modern Liberalism belives?

The state should intervene to try and equalise society

What kind of Liberty did Modern Liberals advocate for?

Positive

What strand is John Locke?

Classical

What are lockes key ideas?

Natiral Rights

Social Contract