Psych Chapter 7 Mood Disorders

Anhedonia

lost of interest in everything in life

appetite, sleep, and activity

a depressive disorder can lead to changes in

agitation or regression

a depressive disorder can lead to either psychomotor

depressed mood

what is out of proportion to any cause

true

true/false: a depressed mood can lead to difficulties concentrating

suicidal thoughts

feeling worthless, guilt, hopelessness, or what is possible with depressive disorders

delusions or hallucinations

losing touch with reality may also include experiencing

2

in major depressive disorders depressive symptoms must be lasting ____ weeks or more (these may be single episodes or recurrent episodes)

persistent depressive disorder

milder depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years

postpartum depression

a subtype of major depressive disorder when the episode occurs during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks after childbirth

true

true/false: there is a high susceptibility for MDD in young adults

false

true/false: men are more susceptible to depressive symptoms

long-lasting

Regarding frequency, MDD is a ______ recurrent problem for some people

• costly for both the individual and the society

• people tent to recover with treatment

mania

a state of persistently elevated mood, feelings of grandiosity, overenthusiasm, racing thoughts, rapid speech, and impulsive actions

bipolar I disorder

recognized by having elevated, expansive or irritable mood lasting more than 1 week and additional symptoms

Bipolar I manic symptoms

Commonly within _____, the individual experiences grandiosity, racing thoughts, impulsivity, increase in activities, rapid speech, an over increase in activities, and decreased need for sleep

bipolar II disorder

recognized with severe depression

less

Commonly with bipolar II disorder manic symptoms, they are more or less severe

cyclothymic disorder

less severe but more chronic bipolar condition

rapid cycling bipolar I or bipolar II disorder

includes 4 or more episodes that meet criteria for manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episodes within 1 year

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

includes chronic irritability plus severe temper outbursts that are grossly out of proportion in intensity and duration to a situation

true

true/false: men and women are equally susceptible for bipolar disorder

false

true/false: there is a major difference in the prevalence of bipolar disorder among ethnic groups or across cultures

late adolescence or early adulthood

when does bipolar disorders mainly develop

bipolar disorder

people living with ___ can face problems on the job and in relationships

mania and depression

writers, artists, and composers have a higher than normal prevalence of what

true

true/false: symptoms of mania can have benefits in certain settings

thinking and productivity

mood disorders substantially impair

genetic theory

genes predispose people to depression

neurotransmitter theories

dysregulation of neurotransmitters and their receptors

norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine

chemicals commonly include

prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala

which parts of the brain are involved in biological theories of depression (altered brain-wave activities in these areas affect mood)

life stress

what thing does behaviors theories believe leads to depression

interpersonal theories

interpersonal difficulties and losses are commonly reported stressors that trigger depression

sociocultural theories

historical changes put recent generations at higher risk for depression

true

true/false: gender influences frequency of depressive symptoms

true

true/false: There are strong and consistent genetic links between familial generations who struggle with depression

dysregulation

neurotransmitter factors include what of the dopamine system

biological treatments

include vagus nerve stimulation. It is stimulated by a small electronic device which may be surgically implanted under the patients skin in the left chest wall

deep brain stimulation

treatment in which electrodes are surgically implanted in the brain

light therapy

exposing people to bright light for a few hours every day

behavioral therapy

increasing positive reinforcers and decreasing averse life events (individuals are also taught new skills for managing interpersonal situations and environments)

cognitive-behavioral therapy

discover, understand and change the negative, hopeless patterns of thinking (help people solve concrete problems in their lives and develop skills for being more effective)

Family-focused therapy

reduces interpersonal stress in the context of families (improves communication patterns in the family)