Finalexam INVERTS

How does a sponge protect itself, acquire and digest food, and reproduce?

They use spicules, filter food particles, and they use frag

How do humans get infected with a tapeworm?

raw or undercooked meat

What is the function of a tapeworms hooks?

attachment

how can trinchiosis be prevented in humans?

thoroughly cooking meat

what do hydras use for protection?

stinging cells with nematocysts

a cnidarian has both a polyp stage and a medusa stage, what is the life-cycle function of the medusa stage?

the medusa stage disperses the species

What’s the function of a heavy shell in a clam?

protection

what is a mantle?

covers the visceral mass and excretes the shell

what do the abbductor muscles do?

keep the shell closed

mantle cavity

space btween the folds of the mantle.

what do clams have to respirate?

gills

In earthworms, has cephalization occured?

no. No well defined head with sense organs

Does the typhlosole help in nutrient absorption?

Yes- increases surface area.

which pair of legs is used for jumping in grasshoppers?

hind legs

how many segments does each leg have in grasshoppers?

5

Sea stars, to which stomach do the digestive glands attch?

the pyloric stomach

the gonads do what?

gonads produce the gametes

what does the water vascular system do?

locomotion

Does an earthworm have an open or closed circulatory system?

closed. blood flows within a closed system of vessels

Does the earthworm have a respiratory system?

No. it exchanges gases through the moist body wall.

what stage is missing when an insect has incomplete metamorphosis

pupa stage

two advangtages of a coelom

provides room or organs. hydrostatic skeleton possible.

what three features called out evolved among fishes?

jaws, bony skeleton and lungs

do all animals develop in a water enviroment?

yes

what do the nares of a frog do?

theyre for breathing

what pair of limbs is the longest?

hindlimbs

which vertebrates studied have a cloaca?

frog and pigeon

gonads and kidneys. which of these organs is involved in urine production?

kidneys.

What is the advantage of a pulmonary circuit?

o2 rich blood is sent under pressure to the body

what is the advantage of having separate ventricles?

separate ventricles eep o2 rich blood from mixing with o2 poor blood

What are the four characteristics of all chordates?

notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal gill pouches, post anal tail

what is the function of the umbilical cord?

it contains the umbilical blood vessils that take blood to th eplacenta, where fetal blood gives up waste and recieves ozygen and nutrients

how many nipples do pigs have?

16

the diaphragm separates what two cavities?

thoracic and abdominal

sequence the organs of the respiratory tract to trace the path of air from the nasal passages to the lungs

nasal passage, pharynx, glottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

functions of the liver

producing bile, storing glycogen

what does the spleen do?

purifies blood and disposes of worn out red blood cells. part of the lymphatic system

gall bladder function

stores and releases bile

function of the pancreas

as an exocrine gland it secretes pancratic juice, as an endocrine gland it secretes insulin and glucagon

food from mouth to anus

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Which ventricle of the heart is more muscular?

left. the left vent pumps blood throughout body while the right only pumps blood to the lungs