Medfinity 1 Test

What type of infections can be spread when there is a dirty stethoscope?

Nosocomial Infections

What is a vein?

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood TO THE HEART (venous blood)
The only exception is the Pulmonary Artery

What is an artery?

A larger blood vessel that carries blood AWAY FROM THE HEART to the rest of the body. (arterial circulation)

What is a cardiac auscultation?

A physical examination of the cardiovascular system using a stethoscope to auscultate and palpitate the heart to characterize heart sounds and murmurs

What is the acronym is used for the heart valves?

"Always Push To Be"
1) Aortic
2) Pulmonary
3) Tricuspid
4) Bicuspid/Mitral

Where do you listen for the heart valves?

* all valves facing towards you
Aortic - 2nd Intercostal Space on the RIGHT SIDE
Pulmonary-- 2nd Intercostal Space on the LEFT SIDE
Tricuspid - 4th Intercostal space on the LEFT SIDE
Bicuspid - 5th Intercostal space in the MIDDLE on the LEFT SIDE on MIDCLAVICULAR LINE

Where do you listen for the lungs?

On the front side of the patient under the clavicle in 4 MAJOR AREAS-
1) Right Upper Lobe;
2) Left Upper Lobe;
3) Right Lower Lobe;
4) Left Lower Lobe
On the back (posterior) side of the patient- 5 regions on each side of the scapula from top to bottom
L1-L4
R1-R4

What are important characteristics of the lungs?

What is the midclavicular line? Why is it important?

Signs that the lungs don't sound right?

1) Wheezes
2) Crackles
3) Squeak
4) Pleural rub
5) Stridor

What is a pleural effusion?

What is aortic stenosis?

What do you need to make sure of before taking BP?

1) Patient has been sitting in upright position (ARMS POSITIONED LEVELED WITH HEART) with feet on the ground for 5 minutes?
2) Make sure the patient doesn't need to pee
3) Ask the patient if they smoke or have they drunken caffeinated beverage!!
4) Remove interfering clothing

What is the 1st step of taking the BP?

1) Choose the proper BP cuff size
2) Make sure the bladder is 80% of arm circumference

What is the 2nd step of taking the BP?

1) Palpate and locate the brachial artery
2) Hold the cuff by the bladder and place the cuff on medial aspect of the arm

What is the 3rd step of taking the BP?

1) Palpate the arm ( with distal flanges of index and middle finger) at the antecubical fossa (crease of the arm)
2) Place the diaphragm of the stethoscope over the brachial
artery at this location.

Why do you use the distal flanges of the index and middle fingers to palpate the arm?

The distal flanges of the index and medial fingers lacks a pulse nevertheless the flanges are the most sensitive parts of the fingers

What is the 4th step of taking the BP?

1) Inflate the cuff to 120 -130 mmHg
2) Slowly deflate cuff by 2 - 3 mmHg per second
3) Listen for the Systolic Reading (First heartbeat)
4) Listen for Diastolic Reading (Last heartbeat)
5) Double check after 5 minutes

Why is mercury used to measure blood pressure?

As the only metal that is liquid at room temperature, mercury expands and contracts evenly with temperature and pressure changes.

What do you need before taking the blood pressure?

1) A working/good quality stethoscope
2) Appropriate sized blood pressure cuff
3) A blood pressure measurement instrument such as an aneroid or
mercury column sphygmomanometer

What is the #1 cause of preventable death
after injury

Bleeding